Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions for detecting a target molecule in a test sample using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction. The methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions may be utilized for detecting target molecules which may include small molecules and/or metabolites of small molecules. The components and compositions used in the disclosed methods, devices, and kits may be dried or lyophilized and may be present or immobilized on a paper substrate, for example, as a paper test article.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for detecting fluoride as a target molecule in a test sample which utilize a cell-protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction and an engineered fluoride-sensing riboswitch. The components used in the disclosed methods and systems may be dried or lyophilized and may be present or immobilized on a paper substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions for detecting a target molecule in a test sample using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction. The methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions may be utilized for detecting target molecules which may include small molecules and/or metabolites of small molecules. The methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions employ one or more transcription templates that encode and conditionally express one or more exogenous RNA polymerases in the presence of the target molecule. The expressed RNA polymerases in turn induce expression of one or more reporter molecules from transcription templates comprising promoters for the RNA polymerases, thereby amplifying an output signal that is generated in the presence of a detected target molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions for detecting a target molecule in a test sample using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction. The methods, devices, kits, components, and compositions may be utilized for detecting target molecules which may include small molecules and/or metabolites of small molecules. The components and compositions used in the disclosed methods, devices, and kits may be dried or lyophilized and may be present or immobilized on a paper substrate, for example, as a paper test article.