Abstract: In the electric motor/generator arrangement described in the specification, a hollow cylindrical generator rotor is mounted on an input shaft connected to an internal combustion engine and a hollow cylindrical electric motor rotor is connected to an output shaft. Both rotors have circumferential rings of permanent magnets of alternately opposite polarity, and the rings are disposed in axially-spaced relation. A stator has at least one switchable short-circuit winding arranged so as to be displaceable by a displacement device over a wide range adjacent to the permanent magnets of the rotors. Magnetic field sensors disposed between the permanent magnets in each ring detect the polarity of adjacent permanent magnets in the other ring, and the short-circuit winding is closed or opened as a function of the sensor signals.

Abstract: An electric generator is provided including a rotor having a surface with permanent magnets disposed thereon. A stator is provided having an electrical winding wound thereon in grooves in the stator. An air gap is disposed between the stator and rotor. The electrical winding of the stator is connected to a variable inductance. The value of the variable inductance is controlled by a control stage. The output of the variable inductance is connected to a rectifier which feeds direct electrical current to a current accumulator device, for example, a storage battery. The variable inductance is controlled by the control circuit such that the electrical current from the electric generator is maintained substantially constant for a particular load by the adjustment of the inductance of the variable inductance.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable pressure modulator for anti-locking brake systems utilizes a variable lever-type transmission interposed between a pressure relief piston of the modulator and the compression spring biased armature of an electromagnet whereby the non-linear force/air-gap relationship of the electromagnet is converted to a linear variation of the force applied to the pressure relief piston for moving same. When a predetermined maximum brake pressure is applied to the modulator, the latter automatically isolates the wheel cylinder from the master cylinder.

Abstract: A wheel braking cylinder and an expandable chamber of a pressure modulator are connected in a spatially closed arrangement that is connected to an operator controlled master cylinder, with the chamber being interposed between the braking and master cylinders. When vehicle deceleration reaches an upper threshold, an electromagnet is actuated and the armature thereof operates to isolate the master cylinder from the chamber and expands the chamber to reduce pressure in the braking cylinder, thereby reducing deceleration. When deceleration reaches a lower threshold the electromagnet is de-energized so that force generated by the armature biasing spring acts to reduce the chamber volume, thereby increasing pressure in the braking cylinder.

Abstract: A pressure modulator for anti-locking brake systems is provided with a pressure relief piston whose movement is controlled as a function of torque transmitted by an electromagnetic friction clutch.

Abstract: An anti-slipping system for preventing slippage between vehicle wheels drn by a differential is disclosed. The system includes first and second speed sensors for generating speed signals indicative of the rotational speed of first and second wheels of a vehicle, respectively, first and second braking control modules for adjusting the braking force applied to the first and second wheels as a function of first and second brake control signals, respectively, and a signal generating circuit for generating the first and second brake control signals as a function of the first and second speed signals.

Abstract: An electric torque converter arranged between a driving and a driven system onsists of an alternating current generator G which is connected to a dc motor M via a plurality of circuits C, D, Ko, which operate in parallel to each other.

Abstract: An antilocking brake system responds to a deceleration above about 12 m/s.sup.2 and resulting from overbraking to cut off the master cylinder from the wheel brake cylinder and effect braking-force reduction. When the deceleration falls below about 10 m/s.sup.2, a threshold discriminator is effective to signal the state of an interval of further braking-force reduction which is a function of twice the rotational moment of inertia of the wheel and after which the braking force is held substantially constant for a predetermined time.

Abstract: In the disclosed system a motor axially displaces a screw-threaded movable valve member by rotating it within an interiorly threaded collar. A sensor detects the movable valve member's axial position. An electrical feed-back circuit compares the sensor output with a reference value and drives the motor accordingly. In one embodiment the motor possesses a disc rotor and in another embodiment a moving coil rotor. In each case the stator links the rotor conductors which extend radially from the rotor center.

Abstract: A method and device is disclosed whereby the number of revolutions of an axle or the angle of rotation of an axle are represented by a particular value. The value is preferably in the form of an electric analog signal. A pickoff element having a linearly-shaped primary coil and a linearly-shaped secondary coil is disposed so that the primary and secondary coils are in parallel with an air gap therebetween. The air gap is for the formation of a homogeneous stray field. A metallic disc which has a rim in the form of an Archimedes' spiral, is affixed to an axle. The disc is disposed in the air gap between the primary and secondary coils. A high frequency signal is supplied to the primary coil. Accordingly, when the axis is rotated, an amplitude modulated signal is developed at the secondary coil. The amplitude modulated signal is then demodulated and subsequently differentiated to provide an analog signal proportional to the angular rotation of the axle or the number of revolutions of the axle.

Abstract: After gears of a vehicle have been shifted, a controller compares the instantaneous difference between engine and transmission input speeds with the speed difference memorized during the gear shift, and automatically delays clutch reengagement, while the memorized difference is varied by factors including the engine speed and the minimum of engine and transmission speeds, until the resulting two differences reach a predetermined relation. This minimizes clutch wear and jolts.