Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining an atmospheric radiative forcing difference by optimising or preventing contrail formation caused by an aircraft. The method comprises receiving one or more weather parameters to determine contrail forecast data; receiving one or more flight parameters associated with aircraft to determine flight data; determining tentative atmospheric radiative forcing quantity, along tentative flight trajectory, based on contrail forecast data and flight data; altering one or more flight parameters to determine optimised flight trajectory having optimum atmospheric radiative forcing quantity, wherein optimised flight trajectory is validated using imagery data; and determining an atmospheric radiative forcing difference to evaluate offset value for at least one forcing parameter associated with atmospheric radiative forcing difference. Disclosed also is an apparatus for determining atmospheric radiative forcing caused by aircraft by optimising or preventing contrail formation.

Abstract: There is provided a flight trajectory system that estimates contaminant exposure experienced by a flight for scheduling of flight maintenance interventions, comprising: at least one input interface that receives at least one trajectory of a flight comprising flight track points; a storage medium containing executable instructions for executing a flight trajectory algorithm and a database of flight trajectory data; and a computing arrangement coupled to the at least one input interface and the storage medium, wherein the computing arrangement receives the at least one trajectory of the flight and interrogates the database of flight trajectory data to: validate the flight track points, wherein the flight track points are validated based on at least one performance of the flight, generate a fixed trajectory for the flight based on the validated flight track points and the flight trajectory algorithm, and analyze, using a flight trajectory model, the fixed trajectory of the flight to estimate contaminants exposur

Abstract: Disclosed is method for determining improved flight trajectory 208. The method comprises receiving one or more weather parameters to determine contrail forecast data; receiving one or more flight parameters associated with at least one aircraft 204 to determine flight data thereof; receiving flight schedule comprising at least one flight plan 206 of at least one aircraft; analyzing at least one flight plan to determine at least one navigational avoidance between at least two aircraft; determining contrail likelihood associated with at least one aircraft; altering one or more flight parameters to determine improved flight trajectory for at least one flight plan; sending at least one flight plan including improved flight trajectory to at least one aircraft; and validating improved flight trajectory using imagery data, when at least one aircraft flies according to at least one flight plan including improved flight trajectory. Disclosed also is system 200 for determining improved flight trajectory.

Abstract: There is disclosed an aircraft operation scheduling system, wherein: (a) the aircraft operation scheduling system includes a computing arrangement that computes a measure of contaminant exposure for estimating aircraft contamination, wherein the computing arrangement, when in operation, accesses a database of contamination data over location and time; (b) the computing arrangement receives when in operation schedule information related to a plurality of aircraft flights; (c) the computing arrangement receives aircraft data relating to an aircraft fleet being scheduled, and interrogates a database of contamination data to derive: (i) an estimated historical contamination for the aircraft or each aircraft engine of the aircraft to at least one contaminant; and (ii) an estimated expected contaminant exposure for the aircraft or each aircraft engine; and (d) the computing arrangement, when in operation: (i) identifies at least one aircraft engine with a higher estimated historical contaminant exposure or wit

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining an atmospheric radiative forcing difference by optimising or preventing contrail formation caused by an aircraft. The method comprises receiving one or more weather parameters to determine contrail forecast data; receiving one or more flight parameters associated with aircraft to determine flight data; determining tentative atmospheric radiative forcing quantity, along tentative flight trajectory, based on contrail forecast data and flight data; altering one or more flight parameters to determine optimised flight trajectory having optimum atmospheric radiative forcing quantity, wherein optimised flight trajectory is validated using imagery data; and determining an atmospheric radiative forcing difference to evaluate offset value for at least one forcing parameter associated with atmospheric radiative forcing difference. Disclosed also is an apparatus for determining atmospheric radiative forcing caused by aircraft by optimising or preventing contrail formation.

Abstract: There is provided a flight trajectory system that estimates contaminant exposure experienced by a flight for scheduling of flight maintenance interventions, comprising: at least one input interface that receives at least one trajectory of a flight comprising flight track points; a storage medium containing executable instructions for executing a flight trajectory algorithm and a database of flight trajectory data; and a computing arrangement coupled to the at least one input interface and the storage medium, wherein the computing arrangement receives the at least one trajectory of the flight and interrogates the database of flight trajectory data to: validate the flight track points, wherein the flight track points are validated based on at least one performance of the flight, generate a fixed trajectory for the flight based on the validated flight track points and the flight trajectory algorithm, and analyze, using a flight trajectory model, the fixed trajectory of the flight to estimate contaminants exposur

Abstract: There is provided an aircraft flight control system comprising: a computing arrangement including an input interface and an output interface; wherein in operation the computing arrangement executes instructions to provide indications related to an estimated atmospheric contamination risk to at least one aircraft at selected locations and altitudes or pressures, by (i) receiving at least one aircraft flight plan data from the input interface; wherein at least one aircraft flight plan data includes at least one of time, a pressure or an altitude, a trajectory and a location representing at least one aircraft flight; (ii) determining the estimated atmospheric contamination risk using a measure of the at least one atmospheric contaminant for the at least one aircraft flight based upon a location, an altitude or pressure, a trajectory and a time information extracted from the at least one aircraft flight plan data; and (iii) providing, via the output interface, a resultant indication related to the estimated atmos

Abstract: There is disclosed an aircraft operation scheduling system, wherein: (a) the aircraft operation scheduling system includes a computing arrangement that computes a measure of contaminant exposure for estimating aircraft contamination, wherein the computing arrangement, when in operation, accesses a database of contamination data over location and time; (b) the computing arrangement receives when in operation schedule information related to a plurality of aircraft flights; (c) the computing arrangement receives aircraft data relating to an aircraft fleet being scheduled, and interrogates a database of contamination data to derive: (i) an estimated historical contamination for the aircraft or each aircraft engine of the aircraft to at least one contaminant; and (ii) an estimated expected contaminant exposure for the aircraft or each aircraft engine; and (d) the computing arrangement, when in operation: (i) identifies at least one aircraft engine with a higher estimated historical contaminant exposure or wit