Abstract: Various systems and methods are provided that identify prior art patent references for a subject patent application. For example, the system preprocesses a corpus of patent references to identify keywords that are present in each of the patent references, n-grams present in the corpus, and a weighting associated with the identified n-grams. To identify prior art patent references, the system requests a user to provide a patent application. The system extracts n-grams found in the provided patent application and orders the n-grams based on the assigned n-gram weights. The system compares the top Y-rated n-grams with the identified keywords and retrieves patent references that include a keyword that matches one of the top Y-rated n-grams. The system re-ranks the retrieved patent references using, for example, artificial intelligence. The top Z-ranked retrieved patent references are transmitted to a user device for display in a user interface.