Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the alkalinity of an analyte solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized titrant.

Abstract: In general, cooking devices having at least one electric heating element and that are configured to cook various foods, including pizza, are provided. In some embodiments, the cooking device can include a housing having a base, a movable door coupled to the base that together define an interior cooking chamber. A cooking surface, such as a cooking stone, can be disposed proximate a heating element within the cooking chamber such that food, such as a pizza, can be placed on top of the cooking stone when inserted into the interior chamber. The heating element can be in operable communication with a controller configured to adjust the amount of heat supplied by the heating element to the interior chamber to optimize the cooking of a food, such as pizza, placed inside the interior chamber.

Abstract: A device including a housing having a front surface and an opening positioned on the front surface; a door rotatably connected to the housing to selectively cover the opening; a cooking chamber formed within the housing, the cooking chamber comprising an inner top wall, wherein the cooking chamber is configured to be accessed through the opening; a microwave source positioned outside of the cooking chamber, and configured to emit microwaves into the cooking chamber; an air movement device positioned within the housing; a heating element positioned within the housing; and a container selectively removable from the cooking chamber, the cooking chamber comprising a top opening for inserting a food product therein, wherein, in a first cooking mode, the container is spaced from the inner top wall, and in a second cooking mode, the container is positioned directly adjacent the inner top wall.

Abstract: Compositions, kits, and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the hardness of and/or magnesium concentration in a solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized composition that has an absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the hardness of the solution and or the concentration of magnesium in the solution.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a cooking system are described herein. In an aspect, a device may include a cooking system, comprising: a cooking device, comprising: a housing having a cavity extending upward from a bottom surface; a heating element positioned within the cavity; and an air movement device configured to direct air over the heating element and from the cavity; and a vessel having a cavity therein and a upper surface defining an opening, wherein the cooking device is configured to be removably positioned over the vessel such that the bottom surface aligns with the upper surface, creating a cooking chamber within the cavity to perform a cooking operation.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a cooking system are described herein. In an aspect, a device may include a cooking system, comprising: a cooking device, comprising: a housing having a cavity extending upward from a bottom surface; a heating element positioned within the cavity; and an air movement device configured to direct air over the heating element and from the cavity; and a vessel having a cavity therein and a upper surface defining an opening, wherein the cooking device is configured to be removably positioned over the vessel such that the bottom surface aligns with the upper surface, creating a cooking chamber within the cavity to perform a cooking operation.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a cooking system are described herein. In an aspect, a device may include a cooking system, comprising: a cooking device, comprising: a housing having a cavity extending upward from a bottom surface; a heating element positioned within the cavity; and an air movement device configured to direct air over the heating element and from the cavity; and a vessel having a cavity therein and a upper surface defining an opening, wherein the cooking device is configured to be removably positioned over the vessel such that the bottom surface aligns with the upper surface, creating a cooking chamber within the cavity to perform a cooking operation.

Abstract: Several embodiments pertain to nanoparticle-based compositions and their use in methods for the delivery of active agents to subjects and to products. In several embodiments, the compositions are stable for prolonged periods of time and under hot conditions and provide enhanced bioavailability and/or dispersibility.

Abstract: In general, cooking devices having at least one electric heating element and that are configured to cook various foods, including pizza, are provided. In some embodiments, the cooking device can include a housing having a base, a movable door coupled to the base that together define an interior cooking chamber. A cooking surface, such as a cooking stone, can be disposed proximate a heating element within the cooking chamber such that food, such as a pizza, can be placed on top of the cooking stone when inserted into the interior chamber. The heating element can be in operable communication with a controller configured to adjust the amount of heat supplied by the heating element to the interior chamber to optimize the cooking of a food, such as pizza, placed inside the interior chamber.

Abstract: Compositions, kits, and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the hardness of and/or magnesium concentration in a solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized composition that has an absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the hardness of the solution and or the concentration of magnesium in the solution.

Abstract: A combination cooking system and methods for cooking having a simplified venting structure are provided. In one embodiment, the cooking system can include a housing having a hollow chamber for receiving food, a lid coupled to the housing for enclosing food within the chamber, and at least one heating element. In use, a seal disposed between the lid and housing can be selectively removed to create an air gap there between, thus providing a simplified method for venting air within the housing and thereby enabling the system to operate in different cooking modes. A locking element for locking the lid relative to the housing and/or an adjustable vent can also be selectively used to control venting within the system to enable the system to operate in different cooking modes.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the phosphate concentration in a solution is described. The composition comprising: an indicator, a molybdate salt, a buffer, a reaction accelerant, a sulfate salt, and one or more excipient, wherein the composition has an absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the phosphate concentration in a solution. The kit can include a lyophilized composition which has absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the phosphate concentration in the solution.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the alkalinity of an analyte solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized titrant.

Abstract: A cooking system is provided. The cooking system includes a housing, a lid, a heating element, a vent tube, and a piston. The housing has a hollow interior. The lid is movable relative to the housing, where the lid and housing cooperate to form a cooking chamber. The heating element is mounted within the lid. The vent tube is arranged within the lid and extends between the cooking chamber and an external environment. The vent tube includes an inlet channel, an outlet channel, and a central channel arranged between the inlet and outlet channel. A piston is arranged within the central channel and configured to alternate between a venting and a non-venting position such that a low-moisture fluid is drawn through the inlet channel into the cooking chamber from the external environment, and a high-moisture fluid is evacuated through the outlet channel into the external environment from the cooking chamber.

Abstract: A combination cooking system and methods for cooking having a simplified venting structure are provided. In one embodiment, the cooking system can include a housing having a hollow chamber for receiving food, a lid coupled to the housing for enclosing food within the chamber, and at least one heating element. In use, a seal disposed between the lid and housing can be selectively removed to create an air gap there between, thus providing a simplified method for venting air within the housing and thereby enabling the system to operate in different cooking modes. A locking element for locking the lid relative to the housing and/or an adjustable vent can also be selectively used to control venting within the system to enable the system to operate in different cooking modes.

Abstract: A cooking system is provided. The cooking system includes a housing, a lid, a heating element, a vent tube, and a piston. The housing has a hollow interior. The lid is movable relative to the housing, where the lid and housing cooperate to form a cooking chamber. The heating element is mounted within the lid. The vent tube is arranged within the lid and extends between the cooking chamber and an external environment. The vent tube includes an inlet channel, an outlet channel, and a central channel arranged between the inlet and outlet channel. A piston is arranged within the central channel and configured to alternate between a venting and a non-venting position such that a low-moisture fluid is drawn through the inlet channel into the cooking chamber from the external environment, and a high-moisture fluid is evacuated through the outlet channel into the external environment from the cooking chamber.

Abstract: Compositions, kits, and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the hardness of and/or magnesium concentration in a solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized composition that has an absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the hardness of the solution and or the concentration of magnesium in the solution.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the alkalinity of an analyte solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized titrant.

Abstract: Compositions, kits, and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the hardness of and/or magnesium concentration in a solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized composition that has an absorbance at a detectable wavelength in response to the hardness of the solution and or the concentration of magnesium in the solution.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods of using the kits and compositions to determine the alkalinity of an analyte solution are described. The kit can include a lyophilized titrant.