Abstract: A water neutralization system that includes a first source of water that is acidic and a second source of water that is basic. A storage reservoir communicates with each of the first source and the second source, and includes a pH sensor that is configured to transmit a signal indicative of a pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir. At least one valve controls fluid communication between the storage reservoir and at least one of the first source and the second source, and a controller communicates with each of the pH sensor and the valve. Based on the signal indicative of the pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir, the controller instructs the valve to adjust an amount of water received from at least one of the first source and the second source to neutralize a pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant tank, a gaseous ammonia source, an injector, first conduit and a second conduit. The injector may receive the liquid reductant from the reductant tank and the gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source and inject the liquid reductant into a stream of exhaust gas in a first mode, inject the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a second mode, and both the liquid reductant and the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a third mode. The first conduit may communicate liquid reductant from the reductant tank to the injector. The second conduit may communicate gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source to the injector.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of producing an insulation preform having graded porosity for an exhaust treatment component of a vehicle. The method includes obtaining a first granular insulating material having a first diameter, a second granular insulating material having a second diameter less than the first diameter, an inorganic binder, and water. The method further includes producing a slurry comprising the first granular insulating material, the second granular insulating material, the inorganic binder, and water. The slurry is introduced into a mold having at least one surface adapted for vacuum extraction. A liquid phase of the slurry is evacuated from the mold using vacuum extraction to produce a moist preform. The moist preform has graded porosity such that a greater concentration of the second insulation material is adjacent to the at least one surface than the first insulating material. The moist preform is heated to produce the insulation preform.

Abstract: A water neutralization system that includes a first source of water that is acidic and a second source of water that is basic. A storage reservoir communicates with each of the first source and the second source, and includes a pH sensor that is configured to transmit a signal indicative of a pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir. At least one valve controls fluid communication between the storage reservoir and at least one of the first source and the second source, and a controller communicates with each of the pH sensor and the valve. Based on the signal indicative of the pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir, the controller instructs the valve to adjust an amount of water received from at least one of the first source and the second source to neutralize a pH of the water stored in the storage reservoir.

Abstract: A particulate sensor assembly may include a particulate sensor and a sensor housing. The particulate sensor may be configured to measure a quantity of particulate matter in a stream of exhaust gas from a combustion engine. The sensor housing may receive the particulate sensor and may include a cavity in which the particulate sensor is exposed to the exhaust gas. The cavity may be defined by a porous structure through which the exhaust gas may flow. The porous structure may filter a predetermined amount of particulate matter from the exhaust gas as the exhaust gas enters the cavity.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant tank, a gaseous ammonia source, an injector, first conduit and a second conduit. The injector may receive the liquid reductant from the reductant tank and the gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source and inject the liquid reductant into a stream of exhaust gas in a first mode, inject the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a second mode, and both the liquid reductant and the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a third mode. The first conduit may communicate liquid reductant from the reductant tank to the injector. The second conduit may communicate gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source to the injector.

Abstract: An after-treatment system including an exhaust treatment component provided in an exhaust passage, a tank carrying an aqueous reagent, and an electrochemical cell in communication with the tank and configured to receive the aqueous reagent therefrom. The electrochemical cell is configured to convert the aqueous reagent into a first exhaust treatment fluid and a second exhaust treatment fluid. A controller is in communication with the electrochemical cell. The controller is configured to vary amounts and/or composition of each of the first exhaust treatment fluid and the second exhaust treatment fluid produced by the electrochemical cell. An injector is in communication with the electrochemical cell and the exhaust passage, and is configured to receive one of the first exhaust treatment fluid or the second exhaust treatment fluid from the electrochemical cell, and dose the one exhaust treatment fluid into the exhaust passage at a location upstream from the exhaust treatment component.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of producing an insulation preform having graded porosity for an exhaust treatment component of a vehicle. The method includes obtaining a first granular insulating material having a first diameter, a second granular insulating material having a second diameter less than the first diameter, an inorganic binder, and water. The method further includes producing a slurry comprising the first granular insulating material, the second granular insulating material, the inorganic binder, and water. The slurry is introduced into a mold having at least one surface adapted for vacuum extraction. A liquid phase of the slurry is evacuated from the mold using vacuum extraction to produce a moist preform. The moist preform has graded porosity such that a greater concentration of the second insulation material is adjacent to the at least one surface than the first insulating material. The moist preform is heated to produce the insulation preform.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant supply and diluent supply conduits, an injector and a control module. The reductant supply conduit includes a first valve controlling a flow of reductant through the reductant supply conduit. The diluent supply conduit includes a second valve controlling a flow of diluent through the diluent supply conduit. The injector is in fluid communication with the reductant supply conduit and the diluent supply conduit and is configured to provide fluid to an exhaust stream. The control module may control the first valve to provide a targeted amount of reductant through the injector. The control module may control the second valve to maintain a fluid flow rate through the injector that is at or above a minimum flow rate threshold of the injector based on a difference between a flow rate through the reductant supply conduit and the minimum flow rate threshold.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a dual-fuel engine includes an exhaust treatment component in an exhaust passageway. The exhaust treatment component is configured to treat exhaust from the combustion of a second fuel and not from combustion of a first fuel. A thermal enhancement device is in communication with the exhaust passageway and positioned upstream from the exhaust treatment component. A controller activates and deactivates the thermal enhancement device based on switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, wherein the first fuel has a higher sulfur content than the second fuel. The thermal enhancement device increases the temperature of an exhaust to combust a residual amount of the first fuel present in the exhaust passageway during the switch between the first fuel and the second fuel.

Abstract: An after-treatment system including an exhaust treatment component provided in an exhaust passage, a tank carrying an aqueous reagent, and an electrochemical cell in communication with the tank and configured to receive the aqueous reagent therefrom. The electrochemical cell is configured to convert the aqueous reagent into a first exhaust treatment fluid and a second exhaust treatment fluid. A controller is in communication with the electrochemical cell. The controller is configured to vary amounts and/or composition of each of the first exhaust treatment fluid and the second exhaust treatment fluid produced by the electrochemical cell. An injector is in communication with the electrochemical cell and the exhaust passage, and is configured to receive one of the first exhaust treatment fluid or the second exhaust treatment fluid from the electrochemical cell, and dose the one exhaust treatment fluid into the exhaust passage at a location upstream from the exhaust treatment component.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant tank, a reactor system, a storage tank, a first conduit and a second conduit. The reactor system may receive reductant from the reductant tank and may output a gas comprising ammonia. The storage tank may receive gas comprising ammonia from the reactor system and may store a volume of gas comprising ammonia. The first conduit may communicate gas comprising ammonia from the reactor system to a stream of exhaust gas. The first conduit may bypass the storage tank. The second conduit may communicate gas comprising ammonia from the storage tank to the stream of exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust after-treatment system includes an exhaust treatment component, a tank for holding an exhaust treatment fluid, and an exhaust treatment fluid dosing system. The dosing system includes a fluid distributor providing exhaust treatment fluid under pressure to a plurality of dosing modules that dose exhaust treatment fluid into the exhaust stream and a return for returning unused exhaust treatment fluid to the tank. A valve is positioned between the fluid distributor and the return and is configured to allow a flow of exhaust treatment fluid from the return to the fluid distributor before being returned to the tank during a purge operation. A controller is configured to open the valve and allow communication between the return and the fluid distributor during the purge operation such that unused exhaust treatment fluid drains during the purge operation.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant tank, a reactor system, a storage tank, a first conduit and a second conduit. The reactor system may receive reductant from the reductant tank and may output a gas comprising ammonia. The storage tank may receive gas comprising ammonia from the reactor system and may store a volume of gas comprising ammonia. The first conduit may communicate gas comprising ammonia from the reactor system to a stream of exhaust gas. The first conduit may bypass the storage tank. The second conduit may communicate gas comprising ammonia from the storage tank to the stream of exhaust gas.

Abstract: A particulate sensor assembly may include a particulate sensor and a sensor housing. The particulate sensor may be configured to measure a quantity of particulate matter in a stream of exhaust gas from a combustion engine. The sensor housing may receive the particulate sensor and may include a cavity in which the particulate sensor is exposed to the exhaust gas. The cavity may be defined by a porous structure through which the exhaust gas may flow. The porous structure may filter a predetermined amount of particulate matter from the exhaust gas as the exhaust gas enters the cavity.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include an aftertreatment component and thermoelectric generators. The aftertreatment component is disposed in an exhaust gas passageway. The thermoelectric generators may be disposed in the exhaust gas passageway upstream or downstream of the aftertreatment component. Each of the thermoelectric generators may have a catalytic coating and may include a radially extending fin configured to absorb heat from exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passageway. The fin of at least one of the thermoelectric generators may overlap the fin of at least another one of the thermoelectric generators.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include an aftertreatment component and thermoelectric generators. The aftertreatment component is disposed in an exhaust gas passageway. The thermoelectric generators may be disposed in the exhaust gas passageway upstream or downstream of the aftertreatment component. Each of the thermoelectric generators may have a catalytic coating and may include a radially extending fin configured to absorb heat from exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passageway. The fin of at least one of the thermoelectric generators may overlap the fin of at least another one of the thermoelectric generators.

Abstract: A system may include an engine, an exhaust passage, a carbon dioxide capture system, and a dosing valve. The engine includes a combustion chamber. The exhaust passage receives exhaust gas from the engine. The carbon dioxide capture system receives exhaust gas from the exhaust passage and may include a separation device, a pump and a first tank. The separation device removes carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas. The pump pumps the removed carbon dioxide to the first tank. A second tank may receive and store carbon dioxide from the first tank. The dosing valve may be in fluid communication with and disposed downstream of the second tank. The dosing valve may regulate a flow of carbon dioxide from the second tank to the engine.

Abstract: An after-treatment system for treating exhaust gas discharged from a combustion engine, the after-treatment system comprising an exhaust after-treatment component including an exhaust after-treatment substrate, the exhaust after-treatment substrate including an inlet face including a first zone having a first catalyst located at a center of the inlet face, and a second zone having a second catalyst located radially outward from the center of the inlet face, wherein an amount of the exhaust gas that travels through the first zone is greater than an amount of the exhaust gas that passes through the second zone, and a catalyst loading of the first catalyst in the first zone is less than a catalyst loading of the second catalyst in the second zone.

Abstract: An after-treatment system for treating exhaust gas discharged from a combustion engine, the after-treatment system comprising an exhaust after-treatment component including an exhaust after-treatment substrate, the exhaust after-treatment substrate including an inlet face including a first zone having a first catalyst located at a center of the inlet face, and a second zone having a second catalyst located radially outward from the center of the inlet face, wherein an amount of the exhaust gas that travels through the first zone is greater than an amount of the exhaust gas that passes through the second zone, and a catalyst loading of the first catalyst in the first zone is less than a catalyst loading of the second catalyst in the second zone.