Abstract: Foldable substrates have a first portion, a second portion, and a central portion positioned therebetween with a first transition region having a first central surface area of the central portion with a first average angle. In aspects, the first average angle is from about 176.10 to about 179.9° or from about 177.0° to about 179.9°. In aspects, a polymer angle is from 178.3° to about 179.9° or from about 179.10 to about 179.9°. Methods comprise disposing an etch mask over the first major surface of the foldable substrate before etching the foldable substrate. In aspects, the etch mask comprises a first polymer layer positioned between a first barrier layer and the first major surface. In aspects, the etch mask comprises a plurality of ink-jet printed shapes. Methods of measuring a contrast ratio comprise impinging a transparent apparatus with a collimated beam.

Abstract: Methods for detecting contaminants on optical fiber connectors incorporate statistically based routines that include processing of one or more digital images to dynamically determine fiber locations and boundaries, detect contamination in fiber locations, dynamically detect ferrule boundaries, detect contamination in ferrule locations, and collect resulting data. Sequential masking and detection permits detection of contaminants in a first region non-coincident with a first mask image, and in a second region non-coincident with a second mask image. Dynamic determination of locations and boundaries for structures such as fibers, ferrules, and pins or pinhole features address limitations associated with static determination of locations and boundaries for these structures. Specific routines or routines are provided for single- and multi-fiber connectors, including single fiber connectors having physical contact and angled physical contact polishes.

Abstract: A particle detection system and method for glass articles is provided. The system includes a light source that emits a light beam, the light beam being formed into a light sheet and being directed to an area below the glass articles; and a camera to capture an image of an inspection area within the light sheet. The inspection area may be located below the glass articles. The system can include optics to shape the light beam into the light sheet. The light source can be a laser light source. Particles falling through the light sheet in the inspection area are illuminated and an image of them is captured by the camera in a time-resolved manner.

Abstract: The nozzle includes a nozzle body having a front end with a recess defining a recessed wall. The recess is elongate in a first direction. The recess receives a front-end section of a ferrule of a multi-fiber connector to define gap, wherein the front-end section has an elongate end face. The nozzle has first and second channels that are elongate in the first direction and have respective first and second front-end openings at the recessed wall. The first and second front-end openings are spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A cleaning fluid flows from the first channel into the gap and then out the second channel, including over the ferrule end faces and end faces of optical fibers supported by the ferrule. A flow-disrupting feature on the recessed wall generates turbulent flow to enhance cleaning.

Abstract: Methods for detecting contaminants on optical fiber connectors incorporate statistically based routines that include processing of one or more digital images to dynamically determine fiber locations and boundaries, detect contamination in fiber locations, dynamically detect ferrule boundaries, detect contamination in ferrule locations, and collect resulting data. Sequential masking and detection permits detection of contaminants in a first region non-coincident with a first mask image, and in a second region non-coincident with a second mask image. Dynamic determination of locations and boundaries for structures such as fibers, ferrules, and pins or pinhole features address limitations associated with static determination of locations and boundaries for these structures. Specific routines or routines are provided for single- and multi-fiber connectors, including single fiber connectors having physical contact and angled physical contact polishes.

Abstract: Methods for detecting contaminants on optical fiber connectors incorporate statistically based routines that include processing of one or more digital images to dynamically determine fiber locations and boundaries, detect contamination in fiber locations, dynamically detect ferrule boundaries, detect contamination in ferrule locations, and collect resulting data. Sequential masking and detection permits detection of contaminants in a first region non-coincident with a first mask image, and in a second region non-coincident with a second mask image. Dynamic determination of locations and boundaries for structures such as fibers, ferrules, and pins or pinhole features address limitations associated with static determination of locations and boundaries for these structures. Specific routines or routines are provided for single- and multi-fiber connectors, including single fiber connectors having physical contact and angled physical contact polishes.

Abstract: Methods for detecting contaminants on optical fiber connectors incorporate statistically based routines that include processing of one or more digital images to dynamically determine fiber locations and boundaries, detect contamination in fiber locations, dynamically detect ferrule boundaries, detect contamination in ferrule locations, and collect resulting data. Sequential masking and detection permits detection of contaminants in a first region non-coincident with a first mask image, and in a second region non-coincident with a second mask image. Dynamic determination of locations and boundaries for structures such as fibers, ferrules, and pins or pinhole features address limitations associated with static determination of locations and boundaries for these structures. Specific routines or routines are provided for single- and multi-fiber connectors, including single fiber connectors having physical contact and angled physical contact polishes.

Abstract: The nozzle includes a nozzle body having a front end with a recess defining a recessed wall. The recess is elongate in a first direction. The recess receives a front-end section of a ferrule of a multi-fiber connector to define gap, wherein the front-end section has an elongate end face. The nozzle has first and second channels that are elongate in the first direction and have respective first and second front-end openings at the recessed wall. The first and second front-end openings are spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A cleaning fluid flows from the first channel into the gap and then out the second channel, including over the ferrule end faces and end faces of optical fibers supported by the ferrule. A flow-disrupting feature on the recessed wall generates turbulent flow to enhance cleaning.