Abstract: A computer system for controlling an energy storage system with heterogenous battery packs is provided. The system, using a processing circuitry, obtains pack-specific minimum and maximum allowed operating voltages for each battery pack; determines joint ESS-specific minimum and maximum voltage limits satisfying each of the respective pack-specific minimum and maximum allowed operating voltages for all of the battery packs; obtains actual state of charge, SoC, values for each battery pack; determine rescaled SoC values by scaling the actual SoC value for a battery pack to a range defined by an estimated SoC value of the battery pack at the ESS-specific minimum and maximum voltage limits, and controls the ESS using the rescaled SoC values for the battery packs.

Abstract: A method for controlling electrical connection of at least two battery packs (202, 203) of an energy storage System (200) of a vehicle (201) to a common load during operation of the vehicle, each one of the battery packs being connectable to the load via at least one respective switching device, the method comprising: —receiving measurement data relating to current operating conditions of the energy storage System, —based on at least the measurement data, estimating at least one battery state of each one of the battery packs, wherein said at least one battery state is at least one of an open circuit voltage and a state of charge, —based on the estimated at least one battery state of each one of the battery packs, controlling electrical connection of each battery pack to the load via the at least one respective switching device.

Abstract: A method for controlling electrical connection of at least two battery packs (202, 203) of an energy storage System (200) of a vehicle (201) to a common load during operation of the vehicle, each one of the battery packs being connectable to the load via at least one respective switching device, the method comprising: —receiving measurement data relating to current operating conditions of the energy storage System, —based on at least the measurement data, estimating at least one battery state of each one of the battery packs, wherein said at least one battery state is at least one of an open circuit voltage and a state of charge, —based on the estimated at least one battery state of each one of the battery packs, controlling electrical connection of each battery pack to the load via the at least one respective switching device.