Abstract: An oxygen based heater and various electrolyte solution formulations for same wherein the boiling point and/or relative humidity of the electrolyte solution are used as a determining basis for using that electrolyte solution in the heater.

Abstract: An oxygen based heater including a substrate that produces heat in the presence of oxygen at a maximum temperature a thermal regulator material, preferably having a melting point lower than the maximum temperature, wherein a maximum temperature of the heater is approximately the same as the maximum temperature of the thermal regulation layer.

Abstract: An oxygen based heater including a heater substrate and a pad impregnated with an electrolyte solution disposed adjacent to the heater substrate which transfers electrolyte to the heater substrate. Methods of manufacturing same in an oxygen containing environment in which electrolyte is impregnated onto pad which is adjacent heater substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery includes forming a plurality of layers of the air electrode. The plurality of layers include an active layer and a gas diffusion layer. Forming the active layer includes forming a plurality of blank portions in a sublayer of the active layer for venting gases to the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery are provided. One method includes forming a plurality of layers of the air electrode. The plurality of layers include an active layer and a gas diffusion layer. Forming at least one of the active layer or the gas diffusion layer includes forming a first sublayer having a first concentration of a first material and forming a second sublayer having at least one of a second concentration of the first material that differs from the first concentration or a second material that differs from the first material. In another embodiment, a method includes forming a layer of an air electrode such that a gradient of a material is formed in at least a portion of the layer by varying a concentration of the material deposited between a first portion of the layer and a second portion of the layer.

Abstract: A method of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery includes forming at least a portion of the air electrode using a process selected from the group consisting of screen printing, spray printing, spin coating, and dip coating.

Abstract: A universal display module is disclosed which includes a backplane, a top plane and an ink layer in contact with a pair of spaced apart electrodes to form a display and other optional components, such as a drive chip, a battery, a sensor, a logic chip, membrane switches, RFID antenna and a biometric sensor, that can be incorporated into a wide range of devices. Unlike other known display modules, the universal display module in accordance with the present invention is flexible enough to be used in labels, cards, vacuum formed parts, injection molded parts or other integration techniques, such as hot lamination without modifying the module. As such, universal display module in accordance with the present invention provides economies of scale by allowing for the production of a single robust display module that can be used for a variety of end uses and reduces inventories as well as production costs related to both the manufacturing as well as the integration of the display.