Abstract: This disclosure features methods of identifying an organism. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of distinguishing virulent and non-virulent strains of organisms, such as E. coli.

Abstract: This disclosure features methods of identifying an organism. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of distinguishing virulent and non-virulent strains of organisms, such as E. coli.

Abstract: This disclosure features methods of identifying an organism. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of distinguishing virulent and non-virulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes.

Abstract: This disclosure features methods of identifying an organism. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of distinguishing virulent and non-virulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to systems, cartridges, and methods for automated characterization of a nucleic acid molecule, in particular, optical mapping of DNA from an organism. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a cartridge for characterizing a nucleic acid molecule, the cartridge including a reaction chamber having a derivatized bottom surface, at least one reagent reservoir, and a pump, in which the reaction chamber, the reagent reservoir, and the pump are fluidically connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods and apparatuses for optimizing conditions for optical mapping. In certain embodiments, methods of the invention involve providing a substrate including a gradient of silanes in a first direction, introducing to the substrate, a gradient of enzyme activity in a second direction, contacting a plurality of enzymes and a plurality of nucleic acids to the substrate, and analyzing enzymatic activity and interaction of the nucleic acids with the substrate, thereby determining the optimal conditions for optical mapping of the nucleic acid.