Abstract: An embodiment is a radio wave lens including a plurality of unit cells two-dimensionally arranged on a surface of a substrate intersecting an incident radio wave. Each of the unit cells includes a dielectric layer whose dielectric constant is externally controllable, dielectric layers formed so as to sandwich the dielectric layer therebetween, a conductor layer formed on a surface of the dielectric layer in a side of the dielectric layer so as to be in contact with the dielectric layer, and a conductor layer formed on a surface of the dielectric layer in a side of the dielectric layer so as to be in contact with the dielectric layer.

Abstract: In a radio wave lens, unit cells are two-dimensionally disposed on a plane of a substrate intersecting an incident radio wave. In the unit cells, a conductor portion bent in a crank shape in a plane of the substrate is formed, or a conductor-removed region bent in a crank shape in the plane of the substrate is formed in a conductor layer on the substrate. The unit cells in which the bending directions of the conductor portions or the bending directions of the conductor-removed regions are different from each other are two-dimensionally disposed according to a desired phase distribution of the radio wave transmitted through the unit cells.

Abstract: An embodiment is a slot-coupling type coupler for connecting a high-frequency circuit to a waveguide tube. The coupler includes a substrate, at least a part of the substrate being inserted into the waveguide tube, and a conductor patch on the substrate and configured to emit a high-frequency wave generated by the high-frequency circuit into the waveguide tube. The conductor patch comprises a first conductor patch on a first side of the substrate and includes a complementary metamaterial cell including one or more conductor portions forming one or more gaps.

Abstract: An embodiment is a beamformer for directing an incident electromagnetic wave, including a first conductive metamaterial cell configured to shift a phase of a first portion of the electromagnetic wave, a second conductive metamaterial cell located adjacent to the first conductive metamaterial cell, having a different geometry than the first conductive metamaterial cell, and configured to shift a phase of a second portion of the electromagnetic wave, a conductor including at least a portion disposed between the first conductive metamaterial cell and the second conductive metamaterial cell.

Abstract: A beamformer of this invention is a beamformer configured to perform beamforming of an input electromagnetic wave and output an output electromagnetic wave, which includes a cell made of a metamaterial, and a filling material configured to fill a periphery of the cell. The metamaterial is made of a conductive organic material or a nanocarbon material. The filling material is made of a nonconductive organic material. The cell has an inductance and a capacitance. A phase of the input electromagnetic wave is changed by a change of at least one of the inductance and the capacitance.

Abstract: A beamformer includes a waveguide through which an electromagnetic wave is transmitted, a phase shifter placed in the waveguide, and a bias chip electrically connected to the phase shifter, the phase shifter includes a metamaterial cell having a capacitive element on a dielectric substrate, and the bias chip applies a voltage to the metamaterial cell, thereby changing a capacitance of the capacitive element and a phase of the electromagnetic wave.