Abstract: Example systems, methods, and apparatus, including cognitive platforms, are provided for applying signal detection metrics in computer-implemented adaptive response-deadline procedures to data collected based at least in part on user interaction(s) with computerized tasks and/or interferences. The apparatus can include a response classifier for generating a quantifier of the cognitive abilities of an individual. The apparatus also can be configured to adapt the tasks and/or interferences to enhance the individual's cognitive abilities.

Abstract: A system and a method of emulating a second cloud computing environment on a first cloud computing environment are disclosed herein. The first cloud computing environment includes an innovation platform having a private domain name system. The private domain name system is split between a customer subnet and a private subnet. The customer subnet is limited to communications with only the private subnet. The customer subnet executes an application thereon. The application is targeted for use on the second cloud computing environment.

Abstract: A system and a method of emulating a second cloud computing environment on a first cloud computing environment are disclosed herein. The first cloud computing environment includes an innovation platform having a private domain name system. The private domain name system is split between a customer subnet and a private subnet. The customer subnet is limited to communications with only the private subnet. The customer subnet executes an application thereon. The application is targeted for use on the second cloud computing environment.

Abstract: A motorized bicycle includes a frame, a plurality of wheels coupled to the frame, pedals coupled to the frame for driving at least one of the wheels, gear(s) coupled to the frame, a motor coupled to the pedals and at least one of the wheels; a battery for supplying power to the motor; and a controller. In response to a selection of a current gear, the controller regulates a power output from the battery to the motor based on the current gear, where the motor propels the motorized bicycle to travel within a predetermined speed range associated with the current gear.

Abstract: A motorized bicycle includes: a frame; a plurality of wheels coupled to the frame; pedals coupled to the frame for driving at least one of the wheels; a motor coupled to the pedals and at least one of the wheels; a battery for supplying power to the motor; and a controller. When the controller determines that the motorized bicycle is traveling on a flat terrain or a decline, it enters or maintains a regeneration mode, where electric power is generated when a rider of the motorized bicycle pedals, and the electric power is used to charge the battery. When the controller determines that the motorized bicycle is traveling on an incline, it enters or maintains an assistance mode, where any regeneration of the battery is stopped, and power output from the motor is used to assist the rider in propelling the motorized bicycle forward.

Abstract: A composite material having utility for removing sulfur from a feedstock comprises a ceramic matrix having a relatively low melting point metal such as tin, zinc, lead or bismuth nanodispersed therein. The material may be prepared from a mixture of particles of a precursor of the ceramic matrix and precursor of the metal. The precursors are selected such that the melting point of the precursor of the ceramic is less than the melting point of the precursor of the metal. The mixture of precursor materials is heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the precursor of the ceramic material so as to coat it onto the precursor of the metal. The ceramic precursor is then reacted so as to convert it to a ceramic. Thereafter, the precursor of the metal is converted to a free metal which is retained within the ceramic matrix so as to prevent agglomeration.

Abstract: A composite material having utility for removing sulfur from a feedstock comprises a ceramic matrix having a relatively low melting point metal such as tin, zinc, lead or bismuth nanodispersed therein. The material may be prepared from a mixture of particles of a precursor of the ceramic matrix and precursor of the metal. The precursors are selected such that the melting point of the precursor of the ceramic is less than the melting point of the precursor of the metal. The mixture of precursor materials is heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the precursor of the ceramic material so as to coat it onto the precursor of the metal. The ceramic precursor is then reacted so as to convert it to a ceramic. Thereafter, the precursor of the metal is converted to a free metal which is retained within the ceramic matrix so as to prevent agglomeration.