Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method to produce small RNAs targeting pathogenicity factors, essential genes and/or antimicrobial resistance genes of animal pathogens. This method also includes the production of small RNAs directed against host susceptibility factors, whose silencing, inactivation, or deletion, is known to enhance resistance towards the targeted pathogen(s). More specifically, the invention involves the expression of exogenous RNA interference (RNAi) precursor(s) in Chlorella cells, which in turn express and release Extracellular Vesicle (EV)-embedded antimicrobial small RNAs. Importantly, Chlorella EVs protect antimicrobial small RNAs from ribonuclease-mediated digestion. They are also rapidly and efficiently internalized by human alveolar epithelial cells, highlighting their potential for delivering antimicrobial small RNAs in these cells, and for controlling respiratory infections.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which is programmed with an application or “app” to share bandwidth to and from multiple sources. In one embodiment, this uses a mobile device with a computer running a controlling program for operating functions of the mobile device, and an app that controls sharing of bandwidth from the mobile device, and obtaining shared bandwidth from another mobile device. Usage data is accumulated which indicates an amount of data received and shared from the one client.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which is programmed with an application or “app” to share bandwidth to and from multiple sources. In one embodiment, this uses a mobile device with a computer running a controlling program for operating functions of the mobile device, and an app that controls sharing of bandwidth from the mobile device, and obtaining shared bandwidth from another mobile device. Usage data is accumulated which indicates an amount of data received and shared from the one client.