Abstract: Water soluble catalysts, (M)meso-tetra(N-Methyl-4-Pyridyl)Porphinepentachloride (M=Fe, Co, Mn & Cu), have been incorporated into the polymer binder of oxygen reduction cathodes in membrane electrode assemblies used in PEM fuel cells and found to support encouragingly high current densities. The voltages achieved are low compared to commercial platinum catalysts but entirely consistent with the behavior observed in electroanalytical measurements of the homogeneous catalysts. A model of the dynamics of the electrode action has been developed and validated and this allows the MEA electrodes to be optimized for any chemistry that has been demonstrated in solution. It has been shown that improvements to the performance will come from modifications to the structure of the catalyst combined with optimization of the electrode structure and a well-founded pathway to practical non-platinum group metal catalysts exists.

Abstract: An animal watering system including a water tank, interior container and base for connecting to a bowl. The interior container fluidly connects the water tank and the base/bowl. The interior container in addition to supplying water from the water tank to the bowl, also receives water from the bowl as it circulates. The interior container includes a filter to filter the water as it leaves the water tank and enters the bowl and as it flows from the bowl into the interior container.

Abstract: A waste removal system including a waste container configured to secure a bag having handles. The waste container includes a set of sidewalls having a set of engagement features or hooks. There is a engagement feature or hook located on each sidewall and the engagement features are spaced away from the sidewalls, creating an area where the handles for the bag may be secured. The container also includes a lid operatively attached to the sidewalls. When the container is in a first position, the lid partially covers the opening and when the container is in a second position the opening is uncovered.

Abstract: A pet kennel that is structured to receive an animal includes an upper kennel portion and a lower kennel portion that include first and second engagement structures that are slidingly engageable. The upper kennel portion is situated in a first position atop the lower kennel portion offset from one another along a longitudinal axis of the pet kennel. The upper kennel portion is then translated along the longitudinal axis with respect to the lower pet kennel portion toward a second, assembled position to cause the first engagement elements and the second engagement elements to become slidingly engaged and to cause the upper and lower kennel portions to become aligned with one another.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a pet step including one or more steps. The pet step may further include a base portion configured to rest on a generally flat surface and support the one or more steps. The base portion may include first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls, where the first and second sidewalls define triangular-shaped apertures. In some embodiments, multiple pet steps may be nested or stacked atop one another.

Abstract: A litter box for an animal. The litter box includes a base portion, a cover portion operably connected to the base portion and a removable housing operably connected to one of the cover portion and the base portion. The base portion includes a floor and a plurality of walls extending in an upward direction from the floor. The cover portion includes a ceiling and a plurality of walls extending in a downward direction from the ceiling. The housing is configured to receive an operating element. Also, one of the cover portion and the base portion is configured to receive the removable housing.

Abstract: A pet housing having selectively coupleable parts is provided. In particular, in some embodiments, a pet housing having a top portion, a middle portion and a bottom portion is provided. Each of the top, bottom and middle portions are selectively coupleable with each other portion. In particular, the top portion and bottom portion may each be coupled to the middle portion to form a pet housing. Additionally, the top portion and bottom portion may be coupled together to form a cavity in which the middle portion may be stored.

Abstract: An animal watering system including a water tank, interior container and base for connecting to a bowl. The interior container fluidly connects the water tank and the base/bowl. The interior container in addition to supplying water from the water tank to the bowl, also receives water from the bowl as it circulates. The interior container includes a filter to filter the water as it leaves the water tank and enters the bowl and as it flows from the bowl into the interior container.

Abstract: A waste removal system including a waste container configured to secure a bag having handles. The waste container includes a set of sidewalls having a set of engagement features or hooks. There is a engagement feature or hook located on each sidewall and the engagement features are spaced away from the sidewalls, creating an area where the handles for the bag may be secured. The container also includes a lid operatively attached to the sidewalls. When the container is in a first position, the lid partially covers the opening and when the container is in a second position the opening is uncovered.

Abstract: A kennel for an animal having a base and a top. The base includes a base rim extending from the base and surrounding an upper perimeter of the base. The top is a mesh material and includes a top rim surrounding a bottom perimeter of the top. The top rim is configured to align with the bottom rim. The kennel also includes at least one fastener to secure the top rim to the bottom rim, as well as a rotatable door connected to the base and the top.