Abstract: A coating apparatus that can coat a substrate while assuring a volatile organic compound (VOC) free atmosphere outside the equipment. The coating apparatus can be used in-line, where flat materials and substrates that are typically carried along a conveyer may enter the coating apparatus without requiring the substrate to be moved into any other configuration. The coating apparatus may be configured to permit the user to perform any number of treatment steps while providing isolation between the steps. The coating apparatus can be formed by nesting one or more inner chambers inside a central chamber which may be nested inside an outer chamber. The outer chamber may be, for example, a vacuum chamber to ensure removal of VOCs.

Abstract: A coating apparatus can be used to concurrently coat both sides of a substrate while assuring a VOC free atmosphere outside the equipment. The coating apparatus can be used in-line, where flat materials and substrates that are typically carried along a conveyer may enter the coating apparatus, usually without requiring the substrate to be moved into any other configuration. The coating apparatus may be configured to permit the user to perform any number of treatment steps while providing isolation between the steps. The substrate can be partially suspended by the coating apparatus to permit both sides to be treated at the same time. A vacuum system, including redundant perimeter negative pressure venting ducts, can create a vacuum perimeter wall around the moving, treated material to ensure a VOC free atmosphere outside the coating apparatus.

Abstract: A closed chemical introduction system used to deliver active ingredients in liquid chemical to a chemical vapor deposition system includes a robust, moisture-free cartridge containing a defined dose of liquid chemical. The cartridge is placed on a mounting slot specially configured to receive the cartridge. Upon initiating the system, a first linear mechanical actuator securely holds the cartridge in the slot, while an extraction lance attached to a second linear mechanical actuator punctures the cartridge from the bottom, extracts the liquid chemical and delivers it to a vaporization chamber. The vaporization chamber evaporates the liquid chemical and delivers the vapors containing the active ingredients to the chemical vapor deposition system.

Abstract: A closed chemical introduction system used to deliver active ingredients in liquid chemical to a chemical vapor deposition system includes a robust, moisture-free cartridge containing a defined dose of liquid chemical. The cartridge is placed on a mounting slot specially configured to receive the cartridge. Upon initiating the system, a first linear mechanical actuator securely holds the cartridge in the slot, while an extraction lance attached to a second linear mechanical actuator punctures the cartridge from the bottom, extracts the liquid chemical and delivers it to a vaporization chamber. The vaporization chamber evaporates the liquid chemical and delivers the vapors containing the active ingredients to the chemical vapor deposition system.

Abstract: A closed chemical introduction system used to deliver active ingredients in liquid chemical to a chemical vapor deposition system includes a robust, moisture-free cartridge containing a defined dose of liquid chemical. The cartridge is placed on a mounting slot specially configured to receive the cartridge. Upon initiating the system, a first linear mechanical actuator securely holds the cartridge in the slot, while an extraction lance attached to a second linear mechanical actuator punctures the cartridge from the bottom, extracts the liquid chemical and delivers it to a vaporization chamber. The vaporization chamber evaporates the liquid chemical and delivers the vapors containing the active ingredients to the chemical vapor deposition system.

Abstract: A surface is masked or stenciled off in a specific pattern or design and treated with a liquid or vapor chemical composition. The resulting pattern or design on the surface is substantially invisible in the absence of condensation. As the surface is subject to a temperature change, for example, moved from a cooler ambient to a warmer ambient, the specific pattern or design becomes visible as a result of selective condensation.

Abstract: A photocatalytically active titanium dioxide film may be applied onto surfaces of a variety of objects to oxidize matter that comes into contact with those surfaces. Various methods may be used to apply a solution of the photocatalytically active nanoparticles onto surfaces receiving regular human contact or proximate to human presence. An inorganic primer layer may be initially applied to an organic substrate, such as food, plants, flowers and foliage, to prevent the photocatalytically active coating from oxidizing the organic substrate.

Abstract: A glass or other silica containing surface is masked or stenciled off randomly or in a specific pattern or design and treated with a liquid or vapor chemical composition that randomly or by specific pattern fills in the microscopic valleys and pits found in all types of glass and silica containing surfaces, imbedding that random or specific pattern (image) into or onto the substrate. As the glass or other silica containing surface is moved from a cooler ambient to a warmer ambient, condensation preferentially forms on untreated areas of the glass or other silica containing surface, leaving the treated portions substantially clear and depicting the pattern or design as a contrast difference.