Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carbon nanotube (CNT) mat on a conductive or semiconductor substrate. According to this process, a catalytic complex comprising at least one metal layer is firstly deposited on said substrate. Said metal layer then undergoes an oxidizing treatment. Finally, carbon nanotubes are grown from the metal layer thus oxidized. The present invention also relates to a process for producing a via using said CNT mat production process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a triode type cathode structure comprising, in superposition, an electrode forming a cathode (13) and supporting means made of an electron emitting material in the form of a layer (14), an electrical insulation layer (11) and a grid electrode (15), an opening (12) formed in the grid electrode and in the electrical insulation layer exposing the means made of an electron emitting material. The means made of an electron emitting material (14) are located in the central part of the opening of the grid electrode (15), this opening being in the form of a slit and the means made of an electron emitting material exposed by the slit being composed of elements aligned along the longitudinal axis of the slit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carbon nanotube (CNT) mat (580) on a conductive or semiconductor substrate (510). According to this process, a catalytic complex (530,570) comprising at least one metal layer (570) is firstly deposited on said substrate. Said metal layer then undergoes an oxidizing treatment. Finally, carbon nanotubes are grown from the metal layer thus oxidized. The present invention also relates to a process for producing a via using said CNT mat production process.

Abstract: A triode type cathode structure including a cathode assembly composed of a cathode electrode at least one electron emitter and a resistive layer inserted between the cathode electrode and the at least one electron emitter to connect them together electrically. The triode cathode structure also includes a grid electrode separated from the cathode assembly by a layer of electrical insulation. The cathode electrode is arranged in a first plane and the at least one electron emitter is arranged in a second plane parallel to the first plane and the cathode electrode and each electron emitter are separated by a same distance measured in a third plane parallel to the first and second planes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a triode type cathode structure comprising, in superposition, an electrode forming a cathode (13) and supporting means made of an electron emitting material in the form of a layer (14), an electrical insulation layer (11) and a grid electrode (15), an opening (12) formed in the grid electrode and in the electrical insulation layer exposing the means made of an electron emitting material. The means made of an electron emitting material (14) are located in the central part of the opening of the grid electrode (15), this opening being in the form of a slit and the means made of an electron emitting material exposed by the slit being composed of elements aligned along the longitudinal axis of the slit.

Abstract: A device produces an electric field between two electrodes, the electric field having a specified value in the vicinity of a first of the two electrodes. The device includes a means for applying a potential difference between the two electrodes, means forming modulation electrode located near to the first electrode in the vicinity of which the electric field must have specified value. The device also includes control means for applying a potential difference between the means forming modulation electrode and the first electrode located nearby in order to obtain, through the contribution of the potential differences, the specified value of electric field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a triode type cathode structure comprising a cathode assembly composed of a cathode electrode (33), a layer of electron emitting material (34) and a resistive layer (36) inserted between the cathode electrode (33) and the layer of electron emitting material (34) to connect them together electrically, the structure also comprising a grid electrode (35) separated from the said cathode assembly by a layer of electrical insulation (31). The cathode electrode (33) and the layer of electron emitting material (34) are arranged one at the side of the other.

Abstract: An environmentally protected integrated optical component and its production process is disclosed. The component has at least one cavity (26a) isolated from the environment formed in at least one light guide layer (16, 18), with the cavity being filled with a fluid or a polymer (27) having a refractive index which is different or which can be made different from the refractive index of the layer. In particular, the cavity is filled with air. The component can be a splitting plate, a mirror, a grating, a microguide or a lens.