Abstract: The method of making carbon-zinc oxide (C—ZnO) nanoparticles includes grinding a mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and furfural (C4H3OCHO) to produce a ground mixture. As a non-limiting example, the zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and the furfural (C4H3OCHO) may be placed in a mortar and ground, by hand with a pestle, for approximately 10 minutes. The ground mixture is then heated to produce the C—ZnO nanoparticles. As a non-limiting example, the ground mixture may be heated in a quartz tube at a temperature of approximately 500° C.

Abstract: The method of making carbon-zinc oxide (C—ZnO) nanoparticles includes grinding a mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and furfural (C4H3OCHO) to produce a ground mixture. As a non-limiting example, the zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and the furfural (C4H3OCHO) may be placed in a mortar and ground, by hand with a pestle, for approximately 10 minutes. The ground mixture is then heated to produce the C—ZnO nanoparticles. As a non-limiting example, the ground mixture may be heated in a quartz tube at a temperature of approximately 500° C.

Abstract: The microflow sensor includes a base wafer having opposed upper and lower surfaces, and a cap wafer, also having opposed upper and lower surfaces. The base wafer and the cap wafer may be formed from a semiconductor material. A flow sensing element is embedded in the upper surface of the base wafer. The flow sensing element may be any suitable type of flow sensing element, such as a central heater and at least one temperature-sensitive element. A flow channel is formed in the lower surface of the cap wafer and extends continuously between first and second longitudinally opposed edges of the cap wafer. The lower surface of the cap wafer is bonded to the upper surface of the base wafer such that fluid flowing through the flow channel passes above and across the sensing element.