Abstract: Mat and rough endless sheetlike, ribbon-shaped or filiform polymeric products, preferably natural-fiber-like mat and rough textile products of chemical fiber materials, in particular of synthetic fiber materials, or mat and rough polymer films with low transparency are produced by contacting endless sheetlike, ribbon-shaped or filiform polymeric products with fine particles of organic or inorganic solid matter. This gives the textile structures a rough, woolly, soft feel and they are mat, while films become rough and mat and have a low transparency.

Abstract: The texture, structure and/or color of an exposed surface of a high-polymer material is influenced by subjecting localized areas of this exposed surface to the influence of a high-energy electron beam, and by treating the exposed surface before and/or during and/or after such exposure to the electron beam with a monomeric vinyl substance which grafts onto the locally irradiated areas so as to cause the latter to shrink relative to the remainder of the material.

Abstract: A continuous line for chemical treatment and irradiation of a textile web has an irradiation station provided with an outer protective jacket which has elongated openings for passing through the upper and lower runs of the conveyor. The ray exit window in the range of the outer protective jacket is enclosed by an inner protective jacket defining openings for the upper run of the conveyor supporting the web. To reduce leakage, the inner openings are vertically offset relative to the openings in the outer jacket, and the chains in the upper and lower runs of the conveyor are enclosed in protective casings, of which the upper-run casing is provided with slots for guiding the web. Ray-screening means in the form of displaceable screening blocks are provided in the range of the inner and outer openings and are movable together with the guiding channels.

Abstract: A device for electron irradiation of rolled materials comprises an electron source arranged in a radiation protection chamber, and a drum for transportation of rolled material in a slotted irradiation zone, defined by the radiation protection chamber wall on one side and by a housing wall on the other side. The drum is made as a cylinder arranged on rims so that a part of said cylinder is located in the irradiation zone between the radiation protection chamber wall and the housing wall.

Abstract: Two basic methods for texturizing or structurizing high-polymer materials are disclosed. One method resides in selectively irradiating a high-polymer material so as to form chemically active species in the material. The material is contacted with a treating medium which reacts with the chemically active species in such a manner as to cause shrinkage of the material. The texturizing or structurizing effects are due to the fact that the irradiated areas of the material will shrink to a different extent in dependence upon the concentration of the chemically active species and/or that the irradiated areas of the material will shrink to a different extent than the nonirradiated areas of the material. The other method resides in homogeneously irradiating a high-polymer material so as to form chemically active species in the material. The chemically active species in certain areas of the material are at least partially destroyed by contacting selected areas of the material with a suitable medium.

Abstract: Two basic methods for texturizing or structurizing high-polymer materials are disclosed. One method resides in selectively irradiating a high-polymer material so as to form chemically active species in the material. The material is contacted with a treating medium which reacts with the chemically active species in such a manner as to cause shrinkage of the material. The texturizing or structurizing effects are due to the fact that the irradiated areas of the material will shrink to a different extent in dependence upon the concentration of the chemically active species and/or that the irradiated areas of the material will shrink to a different extent than the non-irradiated areas of the material.

Abstract: A synthetic-resin textile or foil web is printed according to a predetermined pattern with a paste comprising a monomer, prepolymer or polymer. The web is irradiated over its entire surface before printing and only those areas where there is printing paste form high-molecular associations (cross-links, polymerizations, coagulations) so as to pattern the surface of the workpiece. According to the type of associatively-reactable compound used in the printing paste the workpiece will be textured so as to appear sculptured or will be locally colored and textured.

Abstract: An arrangement for the treatment of high-polymer articles with boiling acrylic acid or solutions thereof, particulary for use in the grafting of acrylic acid to previously irradiated high-polymer articles such as textiles and the like, has a vessel for accommodating an acrylic acid-containing bath. The arrangement further comprises at least one member which is provided with a copper surface, and the member is arranged in such a fashion that the copper surface is exposed to the interior of the vessel. The copper surface is free of direct contact with all metallic parts of the arrangement having a substantially different composition than this surface and, advantageously, this is effected by electrically insulating the copper surface or the member from the remainder of the arrangement. The insulation of the copper surface or the member from the metallic parts of the arrangement prevents corrosion effects which might occur by virtue of contact between dissimilar metals.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the properties and appearance of polymeric substances is disclosed. The method involves treating a polymer so as to effect graft polymerization over the entire surface thereof in such a manner that variations in graft density occur across the surface of the polymer. This may be accomplished by forming chemically active species, e.g., ions or free radicals, in the polymer which vary in concentration across the surface of the latter and at least once contacting the surface of the polymer with a substance, for instance, a monomer such as a vinyl compound, which undergoes a graft polymerization reaction with the chemically active species. The chemically active species may be formed by irradiating the surface of the polymer with high energy radiation, for example, a beam of electrons. Different possibilities exist for achieving a varying concentration of the chemically active species across the surface of the polymer.