Abstract: The unsaponifiable constituents and fatty acids contained in tall oil are separated by a process in which the fatty acids are converted into low melting soaps which are soluble in the unsaponifiable constituents and such constituents then distilled from a homogeneous medium. Thereafter, the fatty acids can be recovered by distillation after saponification of said low melting soaps.

Abstract: A process for preparing salts of mono-esters of sulfosuccinic acid in which maleic acid, fumaric acid or maleic anhydride, especially maleic anhydride, is reacted with a fatty alcohol, an alkoxylated fatty alcohol or a fatty acid alkanolamide; and the butenedioic acid half ester so obtained is reacted with a finely powdered crystalline sulfite of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, by mechanically mixing and butenedioic acid half ester with said sulfite in the absence of water other than that present as water of crystallization in the crystalline sulfite, to yield the desired salt of a mono-ester of sulfosuccinic acid in a solid granular form.

Abstract: Condensation products are formed from the unsaponifiable constituents of tall oil and alpha- beta- unsaturated mono- or poly-basic aliphatic acids or their derivatives. The condensation products can be formed into aqueous soap solutions in which form they find use as agents in the sizing of paper, particularly when used as fortifying agents for rosin acid soap sizes.

Abstract: A process for the sulfonation of aromatic compounds wherein an aromatic substance consisting of one or more aromatic compounds is brought to boiling at a temperature not greater than 100.degree.C under a pressure of from 0.1 mm Hg to atmospheric pressure, gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced thereinto, thereby causing it to continue to boil, the aromatic substance thus volatilized is reconverted to liquid in a heat-exchanger and is recycled to the reaction chamber, and the pressure in the reaction chamber and the rate at which the gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced into the aromatic substance are controlled to ensure that the amount of liquid aromatic substance present in the reaction chamber and available for participation in the sulfonation reaction is always in excess of that amount of said aromatic substance capable of reacting with the gaseous sulfur trioxide in contact with the aromatic substance in the reaction chamber and that the temperature of the reaction mixture is a temperature of 100.degree.

Abstract: A process for the sulfonation of aromatic compounds wherein an aromatic substance consisting of one or more aromatic compounds susceptible to the action of sulfur trioxide is formed into a reactant by admixture with one or more organic liquids, substantially inert to sulfur trioxide under the conditions of the process, which reactant is brought to boiling at a temperature not greater than 100.degree. C under a pressure of from 0.