Abstract: Surface-coating compositions that have improved resistance to attack by bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms contain from 0.1% to 3% by weight of a biocidal compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or --COR'; R' represents alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; and X and Y, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or chlorine.

Abstract: Surface-coating compositions that have improved resistance to attack by fungi and other microorganisms contain 0.1% to 3% by weight of a biocidal compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein each R represents an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or alicyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; M represents an environmentally-acceptable metal having a valence of 2, 3, or 4; m is 1 or 2; and n is the valence of the metal M.

Abstract: Solutions of overbased manganese salts of organic acids that contain from 20% to 28% by weight of manganese are prepared by(a) carbonating a reaction mixture that contains excess manganous oxide, an organic acid, a promoter, a copromoter, a solvent system, and 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of water, based on the weight of the solvent system, at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. at a pressure in the range of 1 atmosphere to 10 atmospheres, thereby forming a solution of overbased manganese salt that contains 2% to 10% by weight of manganese, and(b) heating said solution under subatmospheric pressure to separate a distillate from a residue that is a solution of overbased manganese salt that contains 20% to 28% by weight of manganese.