Abstract: An embodiment is a robotic arm end effector. The end effector generally comprises an actuator assembly, a positioning palm assembly, a claw assembly, a tamp assembly, and an end plate. The end effector of an embodiment may grasp and move bulk items. More specifically, the end effector of an embodiment may grasp bulk items and/or products contained in bags or sacks, move them, and deposit and/or stack the bags or sacks. For example, the end effector of an embodiment may grasp products such as grass or other agricultural seed contained in a synthetic (e.g., poly-weave) or natural fiber bags and stack them on a pallet.

Abstract: A pallet (10) comprises a plurality of members (12) made from plastics material. The members (12) are divided into a set of planks (12A) and a set of beams (12B). The planks (12A) are arranged into two groups, the first group (12A1) which lie on one side of the pallet (10) and the second group (12A2) which lie on an opposite side of the pallet (10) with the beams (12B) lying therebetween. The planks (12A1) and (12A2) are arranged in parallel planes and extend in the same direction to each other, and transversely of the beams (12B). Pins (16) are driven through holes (14A) and (14B) formed in the planks (12A) and the beams (12B) respectively for coupling the planks (12A) to the beams (12B) to form pallet (10).