Abstract: A method and a system to form hydrogen while removing sulfur from an acid gas stream are provided. An exemplary system includes a reaction furnace including a porous burner, an inlet for an oxygen stream into the porous burner, an inlet for the acid gas stream into the porous burner, and a plurality of inlets on the reaction furnace for injecting an inert coolant.

Abstract: A solution for injection to a formation containing hydrocarbons includes an ionic liquid and a brine having a salinity of at least 60,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS). The ionic liquid is configured to lower an interfacial tension between the solution and the hydrocarbons in the formation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods to photolytically cleave hydrogen sulfide (H2S) present in a gas mixture produced by a hydrocarbon producing well and/or a gas treatment unit, thereby converting the hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen gas (H2) and a sulfur species (e.g., elemental sulfur, polysulfides, and/or organosulfur compounds). This reduces the amount of hydrogen sulfide present in the gas mixture. The systems and methods can be implemented in a component of a hydrocarbon producing well (e.g., a wellhead, a flow line, a production casing, a production tubing), a component used to transport the gas mixture produced by the well (e.g., a transportation pipeline, an inlet to a gas-oil separation plant), and/or a gas treatment unit (e.g., a tail gas treatment unit). The gas mixture is disposed in an annular space of the component(s), and an ultraviolet (UV) light source delivers UV light to the gas mixture to photolytically cleave the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A solution for injection to a formation containing hydrocarbons includes an ionic liquid and a brine having a salinity of at least 60,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS). The ionic liquid is configured to lower an interfacial tension between the solution and the hydrocarbons in the formation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods of irradiating a gas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with high energy light to photolytically cleave some of the hydrogen sulfide in the gas to form sulfur-containing reactive species. The sulfur-containing reactive species act as autocatalysts that react with some of the remaining hydrogen sulfide in the gas to generate hydrogen gas and one or more sulfur-containing products. The methods remove hydrogen sulfide from the gas and produce hydrogen gas. The methods can be implemented in a component of a hydrocarbon producing well (e.g., a wellhead, a flow line, a production casing, a production tubing), a component used to transport the gas mixture produced by the well (e.g., a transportation pipeline), a gas treatment system (e.g., a tail gas treatment system), a borehole and/or an underground formation.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation is provided. The method includes electrochemically treating an aqueous fluid to provide a first fluid having a first electrochemical potential and a second fluid having a second electrochemical potential. The first electrochemical potential the second electrochemical potential have opposite signs. The method then includes introducing an amount of the first fluid into the hydrocarbon bearing formation, and then an amount of a spacer fluid is introduced into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation. An amount of the second fluid may be optionally introduced into the formation. The steps of introducing the fluids are repeated until an end point is reached. A system for electrochemically a hydrocarbon-bearing formation is also provided.

Abstract: A sensing system for monitoring a composition of a downhole fluid in a well, where the sensing system includes: a light source, an optical waveguide, an evanescent field sensing element that is indirect contact with a downhole fluid, and a detector. The light source is operable for emitting a beam and includes a frequency comb generator configured to modify at least a portion of the beam into a sensing comb beam. The evanescent field sensing element provides attenuated internal reflection of the sensing comb beam at the interface between the evanescent field sensing element and the downhole fluid, and the portion of the sensing comb beam interacts with the fluid to form at least a portion of an interacted beam. The detector obtains a spectral distribution of the interacted beam.

Abstract: A monitoring device monitors deformation of a casing installed in a wellbore and housing a production tubing, and includes: a packer installed within an annulus between the casing and the production tubing; a deformable substrate that is disposed at an outer side of the annulus and contacts an inner surface of the casing to deform along with casing deformation; a light source that is disposed on the deformable substrate and emits light towards an inside of the annulus; an imaging device that is disposed in the packer to be opposite to the light source across the annulus and detects the light emitted from the light source; and a processor that produces a signal from the detected light, processes the produced signal, and transmits the processed signal to a surface control device that monitors the deformation of the casing based on the signal.

Abstract: A method includes introducing a drill string including a bottom hole assembly into a wellbore, wherein the bottom hole assembly includes a mounted 3D printing sub-assembly. A wellbore is drilled with the bottom hole assembly, and at least a portion of a casing is printed with the 3D printing sub-assembly while drilling the wellbore. A related system includes a drill string having a length of drill pipe and a bottom hole assembly disposed at a distal end of the length of drill pipe. A 3D printing sub-assembly is mounted on the bottom hole assembly, wherein the printing sub-assembly includes a printer housing and a 3D printing head mounted at the printer housing. A control guides the 3D printing head to print at least a portion of a casing at a location radially away from the central longitudinal axis of the drill string.

Abstract: Methods of evaluating a surfactant may include ultrasonicating a mixture of oil, water, and the surfactant to form at least one of the following: a sub-macroemulsion, a macroemulsion phase or a combination of the aforementioned; separating the sub-macroemulsion from the macroemulsion phase; introducing the sub-macroemulsion into a foam container; performing a first automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; introducing a gas into the sub-macroemulsion to generate a column of foam, where the column of foam has a height in the foam container; performing a second automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; and measuring the height of the column of foam in the foam container. In these methods, the first and second automated phase identifications may be configured to quantify one or more liquid phases and a foam phase in the column.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for synthesizing ionic liquid formulations using non-stoichiometric hydrophobic or hydrotropic ionic liquids, including aprotic or protic ionic liquids, to create emulsions, microemulsions, or nanoemulsions. Additionally, the provided ionic liquid formulations may be used to make surfactant-free or detergentless microemulsions or nanoemulsions that may be used as additives for aqueous or oil-based solutions. Methods for introducing an ionic liquid in an injection fluid into a reservoir via an introduction well area also provided. The injection fluid intermingles with reservoir fluid and the intermingled injection fluid and reservoir fluid is retrieved via a production well. Methods for introducing an ionic liquid in an injection fluid may be used for CO2 sequestration within a reservoir. The CO2 may be introduced concurrently or by alternating injections of CO2.

Abstract: A method includes introducing a drill string including a bottom hole assembly into a wellbore, wherein the bottom hole assembly includes a mounted 3D printing sub-assembly. A wellbore is drilled with the bottom hole assembly, and at least a portion of a casing is printed with the 3D printing sub-assembly while drilling the wellbore. A related system includes a drill string having a length of drill pipe and a bottom hole assembly disposed at a distal end of the length of drill pipe. A 3D printing sub-assembly is mounted on the bottom hole assembly, wherein the printing sub-assembly includes a printer housing and a 3D printing head mounted at the printer housing. A control guides the 3D printing head to print at least a portion of a casing at a location radially away from the central longitudinal axis of the drill string.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for providing a photonic sensing system to perform an automated method to characterize displacement of equipment surfaces and monitor changes in real-time. A three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of one or more objects is generated by an analysis and presentation system using light information collected through structured light illumination by an array of structured-light sensors (SLSes) directed toward the one or more objects. Generating the point cloud includes defining points of the 3D point cloud that are relative to reference points on the one or more objects. Real-time contactless 3D surface measurements of the one or more objects are performed using the 3D point cloud. Changes in one or more parts of the one or more objects are determined by the an analysis and presentation system by analyzing the real-time contactless 3D surface measurements.

Abstract: A monitoring device monitors deformation of a casing installed in a wellbore and housing a production tubing, and includes: a packer installed within an annulus between the casing and the production tubing; a deformable substrate that is disposed at an outer side of the annulus and contacts an inner surface of the casing to deform along with casing deformation; a light source that is disposed on the deformable substrate and emits light towards an inside of the annulus; an imaging device that is disposed in the packer to be opposite to the light source across the annulus and detects the light emitted from the light source; and a processor that produces a signal from the detected light, processes the produced signal, and transmits the processed signal to a surface control device that monitors the deformation of the casing based on the signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a composition includes: an electromagnetic source that emits a beam; one or more evanescent field sensing element inside a tubular structure, arranged in series along a flow direction of the composition, and configured to be in direct contact with the composition; a waveguide that directs at least a portion of the beam to the evanescent field sensing element as an incident beam; and a detector configured to obtain a spectral distribution of the fingerprint beam. The evanescent field sensing element provides partial or total internal reflection of the incident beam at an interface between the evanescent field sensing element and the composition, and the incident beam interacts with the composition to form a fingerprint beam.

Abstract: Methods of evaluating a surfactant may include ultrasonicating a mixture of oil, water, and the surfactant to form at least one of the following: a sub-macroemulsion, a macroemulsion phase or a combination of the aforementioned; separating the sub-macroemulsion from the macroemulsion phase; introducing the sub-macroemulsion into a foam container; performing a first automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; introducing a gas into the sub-macroemulsion to generate a column of foam, where the column of foam has a height in the foam container; performing a second automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; and measuring the height of the column of foam in the foam container. In these methods, the first and second automated phase identifications may be configured to quantify one or more liquid phases and a foam phase in the column.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for providing a photonic sensing system to perform an automated method to characterize displacement of equipment surfaces and monitor changes in real-time. A three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of one or more objects is generated by an analysis and presentation system using light information collected through structured light illumination by an array of structured-light sensors (SLSes) directed toward the one or more objects. Generating the point cloud includes defining points of the 3D point cloud that are relative to reference points on the one or more objects. Real-time contactless 3D surface measurements of the one or more objects are performed using the 3D point cloud. Changes in one or more parts of the one or more objects are determined by the an analysis and presentation system by analyzing the real-time contactless 3D surface measurements.

Abstract: A sensing system for monitoring a composition of a downhole fluid in a well, where the sensing system includes: a light source, an optical waveguide, an evanescent field sensing element that is indirect contact with a downhole fluid, and a detector. The light source is operable for emitting a beam and includes a frequency comb generator configured to modify at least a portion of the beam into a sensing comb beam. The evanescent field sensing element provides attenuated internal reflection of the sensing comb beam at the interface between the evanescent field sensing element and the downhole fluid, and the portion of the sensing comb beam interacts with the fluid to form at least a portion of an interacted beam. The detector obtains a spectral distribution of the interacted beam.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation is provided. The method includes electrochemically treating an aqueous fluid to provide a first fluid having a first electrochemical potential and a second fluid having a second electrochemical potential. The first electrochemical potential the second electrochemical potential have opposite signs. The method then includes introducing an amount of the first fluid into the hydrocarbon bearing formation, and then an amount of a spacer fluid is introduced into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation. An amount of the second fluid may be optionally introduced into the formation. The steps of introducing the fluids are repeated until an end point is reached. A system for electrochemically a hydrocarbon-bearing formation is also provided.

Abstract: An out-of-plane deformable semiconductor substrate includes a plurality of rigid portions having a first thickness and an out-of-plane deformable portion having a second thickness and connecting the plurality of rigid portions to each other. The second thickness is smaller than the first thickness. The out-of-plane deformable semiconductor substrate is monolithic.