Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprises an active ingredient dissolved in an essentially non-aqueous carrier system comprising volatile and non-volatile components, in which the volatile component comprises a volatile non-solvent for the active ingredient and a volatile solvation additive for the non-solvent and the non-volatile component comprises a non-volatile non-solvent and optionally a non-volatile solvent for the active ingredient, the volatile and non-volatile non-solvents comprising silicone fluids of respectively different viscosity.

Abstract: A composition for topical application to a part of the body comprises a local anaesthetic and optionally a vasodilator as active ingredient dissolved in a blend of volatile and non-volatile solvents of different solvating capacities for the active ingredient. The vasodilator may comprise glyceryl trinitrate and the local anaesthetic may comprises an anaesthetic of the aminoamide or aminoester type. The volatile solvent may comprise a mixture of water with a C1-C5 alcohol and the non-volatile solvent may comprise a polyhydric alcohol and optionally a glycol. A low-concentration vasodilator-containing composition is also described. The compositions allow a “virtual injection” of the active ingredient to be delivered transdermally without general systemic uptake.

Abstract: A composition for topical application to a part of the body comprises a vasodilator, for example glyceryl trinitrate, as active ingredient dissolved in a blend of volatile and non-volatile solvents of different solvating capacities for the vasodilator. The vasoldator is present in the composition at a concentration at or slightly below saturation, whereby evaporation of the volatile solvent in use will maintain the vasodilator at saturated or super-saturated concentrations in the residue, whereby the vasodilator will become saturated or supersaturated in the solvent remaining and, as the active ingredient passes through the skin and is absorbed in the bloodstream, and thus becomes depleted in the residual composition, continuing evaporation of volatile solvent will maintain the active ingredient substantially at saturation or supersaturation level in the residual composition throughout the major part of the absorption phase, thereby maximising absorption levels but at a moderate dosage level.

Abstract: A composition for topical application of an NSAID comprises a solution or suspension of the NSAID in a carrier system comprising a polyhydric alcohol, a glycol ether and an ester of A higher fatty acid, the carrier system being present as a single phase at ambient temperatures. The NSAID may be diclofenac as diclofenac acid. The polyhydric alcohol may be a glycol such as isopropylene glycol and the glycol ether may be a diethylene glycol ether such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprises an active ingredient dissolved in an essentially non-aqueous carrier system comprising volatile and non-volatile components, in which the volatile component comprises a volatile non-solvent for the active ingredient and a volatile solvation additive for the non-solvent and the non-volatile component comprises a non-volatile non-solvent and optionally a non-volatile solvent for the active ingredient, the volatile and non-volatile non-solvents comprising silicone fluids of respectively different viscosity.

Abstract: A composition for topical application of an NSAID comprises a solution or suspension of the NSAID in a carrier system comprising a polyhydric alcohol, a glycol ether and an ester of A higher fatty acid, the carrier system being present as a single phase at ambient temperatures. The NSAID may be diclofenac as diclofenac acid. The polyhydric alcohol may be a glycol such as isopropylene glycol and the glycol ether may be a diethylene glycol ether such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

Abstract: A composition for topical application to a part of the body comprises a local anaesthetic and optionally a vasodilator as active ingredient dissolved in a blend of volatile and non-volatile solvents of different solvating capacities for the active ingredient. The vasodilator may comprise glyceryl trinitrate and the local anaesthetic may comprises an anaesthetic of the aminoamide or aminoester type. The volatile solvent may comprise a mixture of water with a C1-C5 alcohol and the non-volatile solvent may comprise a polyhydric alcohol and optionally a glycol. A low-concentration vasodilator-containing composition is also described. The compositions allow a “virtual injection” of the active ingredient to be delivered transdermally without general systemic uptake.

Abstract: A composition for topical application to a part of the body comprises a vasodilator, for example glyceryl trinitrate, as active ingredient dissolved in a blend of volatile and non-volatile solvents of different solvating capacities for the vasodilator. The vasoldator is present in the composition at a concentration at or slightly below saturation, whereby evaporation of the volatile solvent in use will maintain the vasodilator at saturated or super-saturated concentrations in the residue, whereby the vasodilator will become saturated or supersaturated in the solvent remaining and, as the active ingredient passes through the skin and is absorbed in the bloodstream, and thus becomes depleted in the residual composition, continuing evaporation of volatile solvent will maintain the active ingredient substantially at saturation or supersaturation level in the residual composition throughout the major part of the absorption phase, thereby maximising absorption levels but at a moderate dosage level.

Abstract: A dispenser for dispensing together a first fluid material and a second fluid material comprising a first material chamber (1a) and a second material supply chamber (1b) for containing first and second fluid materials, and a headpiece (2) comprising a first pump chamber (24) having a first pump piston (27) and being connectable to a first discharge channel (30) and to the first material supply chamber (1a) and a second pump chamber (19) having a second pump piston (26) and being connectable to a second discharge channel (31) and to the second material supply chamber (1b), and having a coaxial arrangement.

Abstract: Two-component pharmaceutical compositions for topical application to the human or animal body and intended for mixing together on or immediately prior to application, comprising two liquid phases having different lipophilicities and a drug dissolved in at least one of the liquid phases.

Abstract: A dispenser is provided for the concurrent dispensing of two different fluid materials. The dispenser has a first and second supply chamber for containing the two separate fluids, and a headpiece having a first pump chamber and pump piston connected to the first supply chamber and a first discharge channel, and a second pump chamber and pump piston connected to the second supply chamber and a second discharge channel. The first and second supply chambers have a coaxial arrangement.

Abstract: Compositions for oral administration for the treatment of gastric disorders comprising histamine H.sub.2 -receptor antagonist, and antacid, optimally buffered to promote local absorption of the H.sub.2 -receptor antagonist, wherein the quantity of H.sub.2 -receptor antagonist per unit dosage form is less than 25 mg.