Abstract: A method of pascalizing foodstuffs using a blockless high pressure processing (HPP) machine is used to kill bacteria, viruses, molds, etc. in foods in order to extend shelf life without preservatives. In order for the method to be performed, an externally-frame, a tubular shell, a first plug, and a second plug are provided as components of the HPP machine. The tubular shell is used to hold foodstuffs which are to be pascalized. The first plug and the second plug are placed onto either end of the tubular shell to form a pressurable vessel. In order for the pressurable vessel to stay intact during the pascalization process, the pressurable vessel is placed within the externally-bracing frame. As water is pumped into the pressurable vessel, the first plug and the second plug move outward and rest against the externally-bracing frame, instead of blocks which would otherwise be used.

Abstract: A method of attaching pipes. A header pipe is divided into two longitudinally. Header bores are made into one header part, tubes are inserted into each header bore, and the tubes are attached to the header part. One method of attachment is via automatic welding from the inside of the header part. Both welding and inspection are much facilitated by means of the instant method. After the tube(s) have been attached to the header, the attachments are inspected both from the inside and the outside of the header part, and finally the two header parts are re-attached, and their re-attachment is inspected.