Abstract: A sensing system comprises a material having a matrix structure in which a plurality of sensing elements are embedded, the sensing elements having electron distribution and/or transport properties that change in response to a change in a physical or chemical property of the material. The sensing system further comprises a receiver, including an antenna, the receiver arranged to receive a source RF signal and a returned RF signal, the returned RF signal being received from the material. A change in the electron distribution and/or transport properties of the sensing elements cause the source RF signal to change, such that a change in a property of the material can be determined from the returned RF signal. A corresponding method of sensing a change in a property of a material is also provided.

Abstract: An antenna for wireless telecommunication comprises a piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being formed such that when an electromagnetic wave is applied thereto, the first piezoelectric material layer is excited at the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. The antenna also comprises an acoustic cavity layer arranged to collect the acoustic energy received from the first piezoelectric layer and first and second electrode layers positioned on either side of the acoustic cavity layer, the electrode layers being arranged to transfer electrical energy to and from both the piezoelectric material layer and the acoustic cavity layer.

Abstract: A sensing system comprises a material having a matrix structure in which a plurality of sensing elements are embedded, the sensing elements having electron distribution and/or transport properties that change in response to a change in a physical or chemical property of the material. The sensing system further comprises a receiver, including an antenna, the receiver arranged to receive a source RF signal and a returned RF signal, the returned RF signal being received from the material. A change in the electron distribution and/or transport properties of the sensing elements cause the source RF signal to change, such that a change in a property of the material can be determined from the returned RF signal. A corresponding method of sensing a change in a property of a material is also provided.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor comprises at least one resonant element. A driver comprises an electrical coupling means and an electromagnetic field source arranged such that the electrical coupling means transfers currents to the electromagnetic field source. The electromagnetic field source produces an electromagnetic field that drives the resonant elements to produce acoustic waves directed to a predetermined part of a test sample. Also provided is an electromagnetic detector for receiving the acoustic spectrum omitted from a test sample and an electrical circuit connected to the drive around detector.