Abstract: Techniques for scoring deviations of individuals from a population include obtaining profile data for each individual in a first population and from a subject drawn from a second population. The profile data indicates values for each of multiple parameters. Within the first population, a first neighbor and a second neighbor are determined, different from the subject and each other. A first distance of a vector distance metric between the subject and the first neighbor is less than a distance between the subject and any other individual of the first population. A second distance between the first neighbor and the second neighbor is less than a distance between the first neighbor and any other individual of the first population. A deviation of the subject from the first population is determined based on a ratio of the first distance divided by the second distance and presented on a display device.