Abstract: A method is provided for determining, at a first stage, a first position of a communications device, inputting, from the first stage, the first position to a machine learning model at a second stage, and determining, at the second stage, at least based on the first position from the first stage, a second position of the communications device by using the machine learning model. The first position is determined at the first stage by using one of at least a non-machine learning model and a machine learning model.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program are disclosed. The apparatus may include circuitry configured for receiving from a target device, at a first time instance, a set of first measurement data associated with each of a plurality of base stations and determining a first position of the target device based on the received first sets of measurement data. The circuitry may also receive from the target device, at each of one or more subsequent time instances, a second set of measurement data associated with one, or each of a smaller number, of the base stations and determining, at each of the one or more subsequent time instances, a respective position of the target device based on the position determined at a previous time instance and the second set of measurement data.

Abstract: A method comprising: receiving a request for a location of a communication device with information indicating an associated required location quality of service of said location; and in response to said information, determining which of a plurality of location methods to use and one or more parameters for said determined location method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for configuring carrier aggregation for a current user equipment (14) located in a wireless communication network in a coverage area of a base station which is capable of emitting a plurality of carrier components with a plurality transmission beams per carrier component, the method comprising: retrieving quality metrics beams from a database comprising quality metrics associated with a carrier component of the plurality of carrier components and with a user equipment of a plurality of user equipments; determining, using the quality metrics, one or more candidate carrier components to be configured or de-configured for the current user equipment as secondary carrier components; configuring or de-configuring said one or more carrier components.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are disclosed. Data on error between the location of more than one user terminal and the estimated location of the more than one user terminal is obtained, the estimated location obtained utilising radio frequency fingerprinting. It is evaluated whether the error is greater than a given threshold, and if so it is determined whether the error is due to radio frequency fingerprinting or not. Based on the determination decision is made on initialising update of radio frequency fingerprinting map.

Abstract: An apparatus for anomaly detection in a network, using an autoencoder including an encoder and a decoder.

Abstract: A method comprising receiving a first indication, from a terminal device, indicating that the terminal device is capable of supporting carrier aggregation, obtaining information regarding a battery level of the terminal device, estimating battery consumption per one carrier component, and based, at least partly, on the estimated battery consumption and information regarding the battery level, determining a number of additional carrier components to be activated for the terminal device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed in relation to antenna arrays. The method may include transmitting a reference signal to one or more remote user terminals from each of a plurality of sub-arrays of an antenna array, each sub-array including a quantity of radiating elements of the antenna array capable of establishing a backhaul link with a remote communications node. The method may also include receiving measurement signals from the one or more remote user terminals, indicative of one or more characteristics of the received reference signals. The method may also include selecting, based on received measurement signals, a first subset of the sub-arrays for backhaul communications with the remote communications node and a second subset of the sub-arrays, including one or more of the remaining sub-arrays, for access communications with the one or more remote user terminals.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and computer programs are described comprising: receiving user equipment downlink power measurements from a one or more base stations of a communication system, wherein the or each base station provides a plurality of user equipment downlink power measurements for user equipment in communication with said base station; determining inter-beam interference for measurements multiple directive beams of the or each base station based on the user equipment download power measurements; and assigning one or more beams to one or more clusters such that, for all beams within a cluster, inter-beam interference is below a threshold, wherein beams within a cluster share time and/or frequency resources.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for determining a grid-of-beams (GoB) are provided. One method may include collecting network data for training a neural network, train the neural network, using the collected data, to learn a non-discounted cumulative reward Q that evaluates a benefit of including a given beam into a grid-of-beams (GoB), iteratively applying the trained neural network to select at least one optimal beam to include in the grid-of-beams (GoB), and selecting one or more beams from the grid-of-beams (GoB) to transmit to a user equipment or to receive transmission from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises means for performing, at a CU of a master node: receiving an individual PDU from one or more incoming PDUs, wherein each PDU is to be transmitted to a UE via one amongst respective paths towards at least one DU of the master node and at least one secondary node, the UE being in DC or MC with the master node and the at least one secondary node; collecting a respective data set for each of the paths; receiving, from a ML model inputting each data set, a respective estimated delay of transmission for each of the paths; selecting, from each of the paths, a path based on the estimated delay of transmission; and transmitting the PDU to the UE via the selected path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a plurality of handover parameter values, using a first machine learning model to select a subset of handover parameter values from the plurality of handover parameter values, obtaining historical information of a plurality of terminal devices, determining a first set of optimal handover parameter values for the plurality of terminal devices from the subset of handover parameter values, tagging the first set of optimal handover parameter values with the historical information of the plurality of terminal devices to obtain a labelled dataset, and training a second machine learning model with the labelled dataset, wherein the trained second machine learning model is capable of predicting a second set of optimal handover parameter values for a first terminal device based on historical information of the first terminal device.

Abstract: The application relates to a method and a transmitter communication device configured to provide video data to a receiver communication device, wherein the video data comprises one or more groups of frames and each group of frames comprises a plurality of temporally successive frames. The method comprises processing a first frame of a current, i.e. currently processed group of frames using a first modulation and coding scheme of a plurality of modulation and coding schemes and processing a second frame of the current group of frames using a second modulation and coding scheme of the plurality of modulation and coding schemes, and further selecting the second modulation and coding scheme of the plurality of modulation and coding schemes on the basis of a temporal position of the second frame relative to the first frame of the current group of frames.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computing system maintains, in a memory, information on one or more terminal devices, a dictionary of beams and information on a spatial grid. The computing system maps each terminal device to the spatial grid based on up-to-date results of radio measurements and calculates, for each spatial element, a load caused by the one or more terminal devices based on the mapping. The computing system evaluates, for each combination of a beam and a terminal device, a reference signal received power, RSRP, based on results of the radio measurements. The computing system calculates a first map of expected spatial distribution of traffic based on the calculated loads and beam-specific second maps of expected RSRP based on the values of the RSRP. Finally, the computing system causes performing beamforming optimization based on the first map and second maps.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computing system maintains, in a memory, information on one or more terminal devices, a dictionary of beams and information on a spatial grid. The computing system maps each terminal device to the spatial grid based on up-to-date results of radio measurements and calculates, for each spatial element, a load caused by the one or more terminal devices based on the mapping. The computing system evaluates, for each combination of a beam and a terminal device, a reference signal received power, RSRP, based on results of the radio measurements. The computing system calculates a first map of expected spatial distribution of traffic based on the calculated loads and beam-specific second maps of expected RSRP based on the values of the RSRP. Finally, the computing system causes performing beamforming optimization based on the first map and second maps.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to an apparatus for adjusting channel quality indicator measurements of a channel between a client device and a serving device within a wireless communication system. The apparatus includes a controller adapted to receive, from the client device, a first information and, when the client device is in a handover zone, a second information. The controller is further adapted to transmit according to a switching sequence either the first information alone or the first information together with the second information. The apparatus also includes an adjustment function entity adapted to receive the first information together with the second information and adapted to adjust the first information based on the second information by modifying it or keeping it unchanged. The first information is related to the CQI measurements, while the second information is related to a handover (HO).

Abstract: A method for estimating the speed of a user equipment connected to a base station of a wireless network, the method comprising the following steps: measuring the power of a signal transmitted between the user equipment and the base station; computing the derivative of the measured signal power with respect to time; computing the standard deviation of the computed derivative; estimating, from previously established reference data, the speed of the user equipment that corresponds to the computed standard deviation, the reference data associating a given user equipment speed with a certain computed standard deviation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a network entity for selecting a communication relay from a plurality of communication relays within the service area of a base station covering a plurality of geographic positions, wherein each communication relay is able to retransmit a communication between the base station and a user equipment, wherein the network entity comprises a divider configured to divide the service area into a plurality of different regions based on an attenuation measure at each geographic position, a determiner configured to determine for each pair of regions a spatial isolation measure based on the attenuation measures at the geographic positions within the regions, and a selector configured to select a communication relay based on the spatial isolation measures associated with the geographic position of each communication relay.

Abstract: The application relates to a method and a transmitter communication device configured to provide video data to a receiver communication device, wherein the video data comprises one or more groups of frames and each group of frames comprises a plurality of temporally successive frames. The method comprises processing a first frame of a current, i.e. currently processed group of frames using a first modulation and coding scheme of a plurality of modulation and coding schemes and processing a second frame of the current group of frames using a second modulation and coding scheme of the plurality of modulation and coding schemes, and further selecting the second modulation and coding scheme of the plurality of modulation and coding schemes on the basis of a temporal position of the second frame relative to the first frame of the current group of frames.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed in relation to antenna arrays. The method may include transmitting a reference signal to one or more remote user terminals from each of a plurality of sub-arrays of an antenna array, each sub-array including a quantity of radiating elements of the antenna array capable of establishing a backhaul link with a remote communications node. The method may also comprise include receiving measurement signals from the one or more remote user terminals, indicative of one or more characteristics of the received reference signals. The method may also include selecting, based on received measurement signals, a first subset of the sub-arrays for backhaul communications with the remote communications node and a second subset of the sub-arrays, including one or more of the remaining sub-arrays, for access communications with the one or more remote user terminals.