Abstract: A method of conducting a continuous multi-phase catalytic reaction such as the conversion of syngas to higher hydrocarbon fuels. Gaseous reactants are introduced via a gas permeable plate into a slurry which includes the product and a finely divided catalyst. The liquid product is separated from the remainder of the slurry by means of a filter unit including a filter member. A pressure differential is established across the filter member by means of a constant level device within the filter unit which maintains a level of filtrate within the filter unit below the level of the slurry. The slurry is maintained in a constant state of agitation by the introduction of the gaseous components as a steam of bubbles. Fluctuations in the pressure differential across the filter member prevent the filter member from clogging, and the gas space is above the filtrate and the slurry are in communication.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating dehydrogenatable C.sub.2-30 hydrocarbons includes contacting the hydrocarbons under dehydrogenating conditions in one or more reaction zones with a solid catalyst. The solid catalyst includes at least a Group VIII noble metal, a Group IVA metal, and a carrier of a mixed oxide of magnesium and aluminum.

Abstract: A method of conducting a continuous multi-phase catalytic reaction such as the conversion of syngas to higher hydrocarbon fuels. Gaseous reactants are introduced via a gas permeable plate into a slurry which includes the product and a finely divided catalyst. The liquid product is separated from the remainder of the slurry by means of a filter unit including a filter member. A pressure differential is established across the filter member by means of a constant level device within the filter unit which maintains a level of filtrate within the filter unit below the level of the slurry. The slurry is maintained in a constant state of agitation by the introduction of the gaseous components as a steam of bubbles. Fluctuations in the pressure differential across the filter member prevent the filter member from clogging, and the gas space is above the filtrate and the slurry are in communication.

Abstract: A reactor for conducting a continuous multi-phase catalytic reaction such as the conversion of syngas to higher hydrocarbon fuels. Gaseous reactants are introduced via a gas-permeable plate into a slurry which includes the product and a finely divided catalyst. The liquid product is separated from the remainder of the slurry by means of a filter unit including a filter member. A pressure differential is established across the filter member by means of a constant level device within the filter unit which maintains a level of filtrate within the filter unit below the level of the slurry. The slurry is maintained in a constant state of agitation by the introduction of the gaseous components as a steam of bubbles. Fluctuations in the pressure differential across the filter member prevent the filter member from clogging and the gas spaces above the filtrate and the slurry are in communication.

Abstract: The invention is a process for economically recovering carbon black, oil and fuel gas from used tires. Used tires are physically fragmented. The fragments are pyrolized at slightly subatmospheric pressure in a reactor while process char is being recycled to increase heat transfer and avoid coke on heat transfer surfaces. Entrained char is separated from the vapor phase products of the pyrolysis, and the vapor phase products of the pyrolysis are then fractionated into oil and fuel gas. A preferred embodiment condenses reactor vapors in two stages at two temperature levels to separate dust from an oil-dust mixture, without water in the first stage and light oil in the second stage. The fuel gas can be compressed and burnt to provide process heat. The entrained char dust and some heavy oil is returned to the reactor. Solid phase pyrolysis products are stripped of trash and milled to carbon black.

Abstract: The invention is a process for economically recovering carbon black, tar, oil and fuel gas from used tires. Used tires are physically sliced and fragmented. The fragments are pyrolized in an oxygen-limited, hydrocarbon vapor at subatmospheric pressure while being refluxed with process tar condensate. Vapor phase products of the pyrolysis are fractionated into tar, oil and fuel gas. The fuel gas can be compressed and burnt to provide process heat. Solid phase pyrolysis products are stripped of trash and milled to carbon black in an air swept roller mill. Carbon black is mechanically separated from the effluent air stream of the roller mill and formed into pellets that are dried in a series multi-stage fluid bed dryer.

Abstract: Coal is subjected to a pyrolysis process which produces an oil fraction, a char, a water fraction, and a gas by-product. The oil fraction may be desulphurized, and the ash and sulphur removed from the char by micronizing the char and using known methods to separate the carbon from the ash and sulphur. The liquid oil fraction, micronized char, and water fraction are combined and blended with or without a stabilizing agent to form a clean-burning, low sulphur liquid fuel suspension which can be transported in pipes or in bulk, and stored. A stabilizer can be applied to the blend in order to increase its stability. Common fuel oil may also be added to the resulting liquid fuel without danger of separation. When the char is micronized to less than 200 standard mesh, at least 50% by weight of the entire suspension can be the char.