Abstract: The use of chemokine receptor CCR5 modulators (e.g., CCR5 antagonists) is disclosed for the treatment or prevention of stress response (e.g., fever) in a subject resulting from surgery, infection or other insult to the subject (e.g., a warm-blooded vertebrate). Methods for treating or preventing disorders involving the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by administration of a CCR5 modulator, for inhibiting the endogenous production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the administration of CCR5 modulators, and for determining the efficacy of CCR5 modulators in correcting abnormal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are also disclosed.