Abstract: The present invention provides fabrics that have been embedded with nano- and micro-particles in a tunable gradient. This gradient, in turn, confers a gradient of mechanical and permeation properties. The gradient configuration results in a fabric that possesses increased flexibility and reduced weight relative to its protective properties as compared to untreated fabric and other commercially available fabrics. The treated fabric may be used to produce a composite that comprises one or more layers of treated fabric bonded to either side of a sheet of elastomeric material. Such composites may be used to produce protective body armor. Methods of manufacturing the treated fabric are also provided.

Abstract: A pH sensitive nanoreactor can include an aqueous core within a liposome. The aqueous core can include a pH responsive dye dispersed or dissolved within the core. The liposome provides a nanoscale environment for the dye. Further, a nanoshell can be present which encapsulates the liposome. The nanoshell can be permeable to hydrogen ions while also protecting the dye from exposure to deleterious compounds and photobleaching.

Abstract: Nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and methods for making the nanoparticles and nanocomposites are disclosed. Illustrated methods include preparing a nanocomposite particle by binding a silicate compound to the surface of a core particle in an aqueous suspension, adding a silicate source and an organic surfactant template, and stirring the aqueous suspension to obtain silicate growth.

Abstract: Nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and methods for making the nanoparticles and nanocomposites are disclosed. Illustrated methods include preparing a nanocomposite particle by binding a silicate compound to the surface of a core particle in an aqueous suspension, adding a silicate source and an organic surfactant template, and stirring the aqueous suspension to obtain silicate growth.