Abstract: A lubricity additive for fuels with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % is described herein. The lubricity additive comprises a polyol ester or a mixture of polyol esters derived from C8-C18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids. The polyol esters is produced by: i) esterification of a C8-C18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, or a mixture thereof, with a polyhydric alcohol; ii) transesterification of an oil or a mixture of oils, with fatty acid composition comprising C8-C18 saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, with a polyhydric alcohol. The preferred fatty acids are unsaturated C18 fatty acids, more particularly, oleic acid whereas the preferred polyhydric alcohol is neopolyol, more particularly, trimethylol propane and its isomers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel with sulphur content of not more than 0.05 wt % and a minor amount of the lubricity additive is also described herein. The amount of the lubricity additive is not more than 0.1 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising a) a jet fuel; b) an alkyl ester or a mixture of alkyl esters obtained from reaction between i) saturated fatty acids with carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 10 (C8-C10 saturated fatty acids); and ii) monohydric alcohols with carbon chain length ranging from 1 to 4 (C1-C4 monohydric alcohols); wherein the alkyl ester or mixture of alkyl esters can be blended with jet fuel in an amount up to 50% (vol/vol).

Abstract: Palm-based biodiesel formulations with enhanced cold flow properties are provided including the following: (I) A biodiesel formulation comprising not more than 40 vol % palm-based biodiesel and not less than 60 vol % petroleum-based file 1 oil; (II) A biodiesel formulation comprising not more than 20 wt % palm-based biodiesel and not less than 80 wt % alkyl ester of C6-C18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; (III) A biodiesel formulation comprising approximately 0.1-1.0% (wt/vol) of a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) additive and a palm-based biodiesel blend comprising i) not more than 40 vol % palm-based biodiesel; and ii) not less than 60 vol % petroleum-based fuel oil; (IV) A biodiesel formulation comprising approximately 0.1-5.0% (wt/vol) of a polyalkyl methacrylate (PAMA) additive and a palm-based biodiesel having unsaturation level of not less than 60%.

Abstract: A cost effective and less energy demanding method of producing ester oils or lubricant base oils, particularly fatty monoesters and fatty polyol esters, by esterifying palm fatty acid, which is abundant from the fat splitting process, with a monohydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature wherein an azeotroping agent, particularly toluene, is used to facilitate continuous removal by distillation, of water formed as a by-product during the esterification reaction. The esterification reaction is completed within 5 hours and palm fatty esters as produced with the current method exhibit comparable lubricity and biodegradability.

Abstract: The invention relates to vegetable oil products, including palm oil products, containing one or more constituents from a group which includes monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, carotenes, tocols, phytosterols, squalene and free fatty acids, from vegetable oil sources and a process for the production thereof by using supercritical fluid extraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising a) a jet fuel; b) an alkyl ester or a mixture of alkyl esters obtained from reaction between i) saturated fatty acids with carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 10 (C8-C10 saturated fatty acids); and ii) monohydric alcohols with carbon chain length ranging from 1 to 4 (C1-C4 monohydric alcohols); wherein the alkyl ester or mixture of alkyl esters can be blended with jet fuel in an amount up to 50% (vol/vol).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing high purity monoglycerides from edible oils/fats and fatty acids through glycerolysis, in particular but not exclusively to the production of monoglycerides from palm oil and palm oil products. This is achieved by providing a process for the production of monoglycerides of fatty acids or fats and oils, comprising the steps of reacting fatty acids or fats and oils with excess glycerol in the presence of an acidic or alkaline catalyst; substantially separating the crude reaction product from the other reaction components; removing unwanted reaction components from the crude reaction product by washing; drying the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of two types of edible oils, an oil type with high diacylglycerol content (DAG oil) containing at least 8 wt % diacylglycerol and another oil type with low diacylglycerol content (TAG oil) containing less than 8 wt % diacylglycerol, from a vegetable oil. The method comprises subjecting a vegetable oil to at least one stage of short-path distillation under vacuum level of not more than 0.01 Torr and at temperature of not more than 300° C., wherein DAG oil is obtained as distillate and whereas TAG oil is obtained as residue.

Abstract: A process for the separation and recovery of minor components from vegetable oil such as palm oil. Esterified palm oil is subjected to molecular distillation giving a concentrate rich in minor components. The concentrate is then adsorbed to adsorbents such as normal phase silica gel, reversed phase (particularly C18) silica gel or neutral alumina as well as polymer absorbents such as polyethylene glycol and polyacrylate polyalcohol. Minor components such as squalene, carotenes, tocols and sterols are then selectively desorbed, separated and recovered using solvents operating at isocratic conditions. The desorption of the said minor components are sped up by applying pressure of between 0.2 to 50 bar. By the same method, individual tocols isomers from palm oil can also be separated and recovered.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of phytonutrients such as carotenes, phospholipids and ubiquinones from palm oil esters is disclosed. This process comprises the steps of vacuum distillation, treatment and purification of concentrate containing these phytonutrients. The alkyl esters is subjected to at least one stage vacuum distillation at temperature from 80° C. to 220° C. and pressure less than 40 mTorr. The carotenes concentrate is subjected to various physical and chemical treatments to yield higher carotenes concentration enriched with ubiquinones in indigenous diacylglycerols.

Abstract: A process for the separation and recovery of minor components from vegetable oil such as palm oil. Esterified palm oil is subjected to molecular distillation giving a concentrate rich in minor components. The concentrate is then adsorbed to adsorbents such as normal phase silica gel, reversed phase (particularly C18) silica gel or neutral alumina as well as polymer absorbents such as polyethylene glycol and polyacrylate polyalcohol. Minor components such as squalene, carotenes, tocols and sterols are then selectively desorbed, separated and recovered using solvents operating at isocratic conditions. The desorption of the said minor components are sped up by applying pressure of between 0.2 to 50 bar. By the same method, individual tocols isomers from palm oil can also be separated and recovered.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of carotenes and the production of carotene concentrate from natural oils and fats. The carotene-containing natural oils and fats is subjected to alcoholic esterification to form a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters, carotenes, tocopherols and tocotrienols. The alkyl esters mixture is subjected to vacuum distillation at a pressure of less than 60 mTorr and a temperature of less than 180.degree. C. to form a carotene-rich concentrate. The carotenes in the carotene-rich concentrate are adsorptively separated, concentrated and collected as carotene-rich fraction.