Abstract: To support a changing volume of a voice-grade traffic in an access network having a local exchange with a limited capacity, provide two or more access networks each having subscribers and associated local exchange with a limited capacity; each capable of dividing traffic, outgoing from its subscribers, into the voice-grade traffic portion and data traffic portion, and capable of directing the data traffic portion to a packet network while directing the voice-grade traffic portion to a PSTN network via associated local exchange. Second, detecting the overload condition on one local exchange (LE1). Third, find a remaining one (LE2) of the local exchanges in normal load condition. Fourth, partially diverting the voice-grade traffic intended for the local exchange LE1 and passing the diverted voice-grade traffic to its destination via the packet network and the local exchange LE2.

Abstract: Dividing a multiplexed optical signal transmitted along a first transmission path into two portions and diverting one of the two portions to a second transmission path and forwarding the other portion of the multiplexed optical signal along that first transmission path, while the energy of the diverted portion comprises the entire spectrum of the multiplexed optical signal. Preferably, the diverted first portion is further divided into at least two parts, each comprising a wavelength range substantially different than the others, and at least one of the two parts is forwarded towards an optical receiver.

Abstract: To support a changing volume of a voice-grade traffic in an access network having a local exchange with a limited capacity, there are proposed the following steps. The first step is to provide two or more access networks such that each having its subscribers and its associated local exchange with a limited capacity; each of the access networks is capable of dividing traffic, outgoing from its subscribers, into the voice-grade traffic portion and data traffic portion, and capable of directing the data traffic portion to a packet network while directing the voice-grade traffic portion to a PSTN network via the associated local exchange. The PSTN network and the packet network are respectively common for the access networks. There should be defined an overload condition of a local exchange as a condition when traffic there-through equals to a predetermined threshold, and a normal load condition of the local exchange when traffic there-through is below the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A digital circuit multiplication system for interconnecting a transmission trunk link having a plurality of bearer channels to a second plurality of telephone communication trunks, with the second plurality exceeding the first. The system comprises transmission apparatus at a first end of the transmission link within which there is apparatus for detecting signals on the second plurality of telephone communication trunks and apparatus for assigning each trunk on which signals are present to an available one of the first plurality of bearer channels and for providing assignment messages indicating such assignments. The speech signals are transmitted in bit reduced form by adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) transmitting apparatus which is operative to be coupled to the first plurality of bearer channels.

Abstract: A TASI system for interconnecting a transmission trunk having a first plurality of communication channels with a defined signal transmission frequency band to a second plurality of telephone communication lines, the second plurality exceeding the first end of the transmission trunk including apparatus for detecting signals on the second plurality and apparatus for assigning each telephone communication line on which signals are present to an available one of the first plurality of communication channels; receiving apparatus at a second end of the transmission link including apparatus for assigning each of the first plurality carrying signals to a corresponding one of the second plurality in accordance with assignment information received from the transmission apparatus; and apparatus for communicating messages including assignment information between the transmission apparatus and the receiving apparatus in said signal transmission band in serial data form along said first plurality of communication channels.