Abstract: An apparatus for marking objects is disclosed. The apparatus comprises (a) a source device including a mother isotope for emitting daughter isotopes by radioactive decay; preferably (b) a positioning mechanism for positioning an object in close proximity to the source device; and (c) a patterning mechanism for restricting implantation of the daughter isotopes into a surface of the object, so as to create a detectable pattern of the daughter isotopes on the object.

Abstract: A process for separating dissolved organic solutes from a solution is provided. The process includes the steps of mixing the solution with a surfactant in order that the surfactant adsorbs substantially all of the organic solutes and forms a surfactant/organic solute aggregate. The aggregate is then separated from the solution by either reducing the solubility of the surfactant, ultrafiltration of the solution or foam fractionation of the solution. If it is desired to re-use the surfactant, the surfactant/organic solute aggregate is further treated in order to desorb the organic solutes from the surfactant.

Abstract: A continuous discharge centrifuge can separate a slurry into a solid and liquid portion. The centrifuge has a housing and a rotor mounted in the housing to spin at a predetermined rate. The centrifuge has a spaced plurality of filters peripherally mounted on the rotor for separating the liquid portion by admitting it under centrifugal force. Also included is a spaced plurality of passage columns mounted between adjacent pairs of the filters. The columns can engage the outside of filters and conduct the solid portion upon the filters between it and the passage columns.

Abstract: A process for separating dissolved organic solutes from a solution is provided. The process includes the steps of mixing the solution with a surfactant in order that the surfactant absorbs substantially all of the organic solutes and forms a surfactant/organic solute aggregate. The aggregate is then separated from the solution by either reducing the solubility of the surfactant, ultrafiltration of the solution or foam fractionation of the solution. If it is desired to re-use the surfactant, the surfactant/organic solute aggregate is further treated in order to desorb the organic solutes from the surfactant.