Abstract: A bidirectional inductive and conductive electrical apparatus can include: an inverter including a first inverter leg, a second inverter leg, and a control switch disposed between a first upper node of the first inverter leg and a second upper node of the second inverter leg; and an inductor component connecting a first middle node the first inverter leg and a second middle node of the second inverter leg, the control switch configured to connect the first upper node to the second upper node under an ON state during inductive power transfer and configured to disconnect the first upper node from the second upper node under an OFF state during conductive power transfer.

Abstract: A bidirectional inductive and conductive electrical apparatus can include: an inverter including a first inverter leg, a second inverter leg, and a control switch disposed between a first upper node of the first inverter leg and a second upper node of the second inverter leg; and an inductor component connecting a first middle node the first inverter leg and a second middle node of the second inverter leg, the control switch configured to connect the first upper node to the second upper node under an ON state during inductive power transfer and configured to disconnect the first upper node from the second upper node under an OFF state during conductive power transfer.

Abstract: A two layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer can include: a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance and a reference active power; and a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift; the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a primary inverter; the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a secondary inverter; and the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter.