Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMP) based on poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) in the presence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cross linked by ionizing radiation were investigated. Chemical crosslinking by glutaraldehyde for PVA in the presence of CEA and MWCNTs was also studied. Radiation cross linked SMP exhibits good temperature responsive shape memory behavior as demonstrated by thermal properties of radiation investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Transition temperature at Tan ? of radiation cross linked SMP decreased significantly by 6 and 13° C. due to addition of MWCNTs. The developed SMP exhibited promising shape memory behavior of radiation cross linked SMP for biomedical applications between temperatures range of Tan ?. Results on the gel fraction revealed significant reduction in swelling and increase in gelation due to chemical cross linking with glutaraldehyde. The radiation cross linked SMP reached 100% gelation at an irradiation dose of 50 kGy.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a polymerized toner material which comprises silicon (Si) nanoparticles. The process comprises mixing together and allowing to react: a water-based dispersion medium comprising silicon (Si) nanoparticles and at least one conventional dispersant, a polymer resin comprising one type of monomers or more, a coloring agent, and a charge control agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymer-encapsulated carbon nanotube material is described. The process comprises a suspension polymerization process involving a carbon nanotube material. The process can also involve a charge control agent. The polymer-encapsulated carbon nanotube material has particles size in the micron range. The material can be used in toner applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition and a method to prepare a polymer nanoparticle using miniemulsion polymerization (MEP) comprising a monomer, a reactive co-stabilizer and a reactive surfactant. The reactive co-stabilizer as disclosed is a methacrylate containing perfluorinated or semifluorinated side chains like 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate (H2F8MA). Further, the reactive stabilizer as used in the preparation is cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAB). The polymer nanoparticle as formed has an enhanced stability and low VOC as compared to a pure polymer prepared by MEP.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a polymer/carbon black composite material. The process comprises a mini emulsion polymerization (MEP) process involving a reactive co-stabilizer. Optionally, the co-stabilizer is a long alkyl chain methacrylate or a mixture of long alkyl chain methacrylates.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition and a method to prepare a polymer nanoparticle using miniemulsion polymerization (MEP) comprising a monomer, a reactive co-stabilizer and a reactive surfactant. The reactive co-stabilizer as disclosed is a methacrylate containing perfluorinated or semifluorinated side chains like 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate (H2F8MA). Further, the reactive stabilizer as used in the preparation is cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAB). The polymer nanoparticle as formed has an enhanced stability and low VOC as compared to a pure polymer prepared by MEP.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition, comprising a monomer; a reactive co-stabilizer; a carbon black; a surfactant; and a filler, wherein the composition is used to prepare a polymer/carbon black composite particle by MEP technology along with a method for same. The reactive co-stabilizer as disclosed is methacrylate derivative containing a long alkyl chain R, with R consisting of 6-22 C atoms and being branched or linear, saturated and/or unsaturated such as stearyl methacrylate (SteaMA). The polymer/carbon black composite particle as prepared has an enhanced stability and low VOC as compared to a pure polymer prepared by MEP. Further, the prepared polymer can be used as basic resins in materials for toner applications.

Abstract: A radio-chromic film dosimeters based on polystyrene binder and dithizone dye are invented for high dose applications. The dose response of Dz-PS film dosimeters increases linearly with increase absorbed dose up to 100 kGy. The dose sensitivity of the films increases strongly with increase of concentrations of dithizone dye. The effects of irradiation temperature, relative humidity, dose rate and the stability of the response of the films after irradiation were investigated and found that these films could be used as routine dosimeter in industrial radiation processing.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymer-encapsulated carbon black material is described. The process comprises: (a) preparing a mixture of an ionic monomer, a stabilizer and carbon black in water; (b) adding an initiator; (c) adjusting the temperature to a temperature above room temperature; and (d) adding at least one other monomer and a charge control agent to obtain the material. The process is performed under continuous stirring. The polymer-encapsulated carbon black material is surfactant-free and is used in the production of toners.

Abstract: A method and process to remove sulfur compounds from a real fuel product of straight-run diesel (SRD) by the action of ozone bubbling and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BUOOH) under normal laboratory conditions is disclosed. Slight desulfurization is taken place after ozone bubbling process which may be assigned to a removal of sulfur compounds in a gaseous form (SOx). Most of the organically bound sulfur and/or elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide still exist in the ozonized samples. Sulfur removal from SRD samples was achieved by combining ozone bubbling with extraction by using different solvents to remove the oxidized sulfur compound (polar) from ozonized samples. This method provides a considerable level of total sulfur reduction where the reduction of sulfur reaches 93%.

Abstract: NBT-PVA film dosimeters performance is affected due to high humidity levels. NBT-PVB film dosimeters with a relatively small effect of high humidity levels on its performance are invented. NBT-PVB film dosimeters are made by using alcoholic solution to dissolve both of NBT and PVB. The films are very useful for routine dosimeter in industrial radiation processing. A very high sensitivity NBT-PVB Radio-chromic film dosimeter is achieved due to high solubility of NBT dye in 2-methoxyethanol enabling the addition of very high concentrations of NBT dye in the film dosimeters. The dose response of conventional NBT-PVA dosimeter films are normally saturated after 50 kGy, while the invented composites of NBT-PVB dosimeter films demonstrated high dose range up to 100 kGy for high dose industrial use.

Abstract: A method and process to remove sulfur compounds from a real fuel product of straight-run diesel (SRD) by the action of ozone bubbling and ter-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BUOOH) under normal laboratory conditions is disclosed. Slight desulfurization is taken place after ozone bubbling process which may be assigned to a removal of sulfur compounds in a gaseous form (SOx). Most of the organically bound sulfur and/or elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide still exist in the ozonized samples. Sulfur removal from SRD samples was achieved by combining ozone bubbling with extraction by using different solvents to remove the oxidized sulfur compound (polar) from ozonized samples. This method provides a considerable level of total sulfur reduction where the reduction of sulfur reaches 93%.

Abstract: Commercial thermoplastic clean flame retardant materials in wire and cable insulation are mechanically unstable due to high filler loading. In the present invention, thermoplastic, black color, clean flame retardant composition using carbon nano tubes (CNT) is made. The resultant compositions possess very low smoke and toxicity. CNT with outer diameter of 40-60 nm and length of under 20 ?m are used to increase mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Thermo plastically extruded composition consists of each component by parts by weight as follows: 100 of resin (polyolefin or 100 of polyolefin/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)), 90-150 of non halogen containing flame retardants, 1-20 of auxiliary secondary flame retardant agents, 2-4 of CNT (outer diameter of 40-60 nm) and length under 20 ?m and 0.2-1.0 of antioxidants. A reliable method for producing thermoplastic black color clean flame retardant insulation material for wire and cable without deterioration of mechanical properties is discussed.

Abstract: Polymer gel dosimeters based on radiation-induced polymerization of N-(Isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide (NIBMA) polymer gels in normal atmospheric condition (NIBMAGAT) have been synthesized and studied as a new composition of polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy treatment planning. The dosimeters were irradiated with at absorbed doses up to 30 Gy and no change in dose response was observed even after using repeatedly for eight times. The novel composition shows no change in the relaxation rate or absorbance of the gel dosimeters up to 144 hours. Dose response of NIBMAGAT gel dosimeters increases with increase of monomer concentration. The relaxation rate of NIBMAGAT gel increases with increase of THPC concentration from 2.5 to 5 mM, but the dose response is not affected with increase of THPC concentration from 5 to 20 mM. The results show that the dose sensitivity increases significantly with increase of glycerol concentration up to ?30% within gel dosimeters.

Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMP) based on poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) in the presence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cross linked by ionizing radiation were investigated. Chemical crosslinking by glutaraldehyde for PVA in the presence of CEA and MWCNTs was also studied. Radiation cross linked SMP exhibits good temperature responsive shape memory behavior as demonstrated by thermal properties of radiation investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Transition temperature at Tan ? of radiation cross linked SMP decreased significantly by 6 and 13° C. due to addition of MWCNTs. The developed SMP exhibited promising shape memory behavior of radiation cross linked SMP for biomedical applications between temperatures range of Tan ?. Results on the gel fraction revealed significant reduction in swelling and increase in gelation due to chemical cross linking with glutaraldehyde. The radiation cross linked SMP reached 100% gelation at an irradiation dose of 50 kGy.

Abstract: Normal N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (PNHMAG) and normoxic N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NHMAGAT) polymer gel dosimeters with low toxicity and low cost are invented for radiation treatment planning. A high dose response was displayed in this invention using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and spectrophotometer methods. The response of both types of gels showed an independence of dose rate and radiation energy and a high degree of stability after irradiation.

Abstract: Novel normoxic N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NHMAGAT) polymer gel dosimeters for MRI scanning are introduced for radiotherapy planning system. The composition of the NHMAGAT polymer gel and method of making the NHMAGAT polymer gel dosimeter are disclosed. The dosimeters are irradiated with Varian Rapid Arc linear systems at different absorbed doses. The results show that the percent depth dose and 2D plan dose distribution of NHMAGAT polymer gel dosimeters are in a good agreement with the ionization chamber measurements and CT planned dose distribution, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for removal of pesticide residues from aqueous solutions and food products by ionizing radiation. Standard pesticides concentrations recognized by international organizations as maximum residues limit (MRLs) were used as the targeted concentrations in both aqueous solutions and food products. Commercially known pesticides and recommended irradiation doses by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were selected for this investigation. Aqueous solutions and food products fortified with pesticide residues were subjected to selected doses of ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced removal of pesticide residues is generally greater in aqueous solutions than in food products. Ionizing radiation can reduce the residues of pirimiphos-methyl in potatoes, grapes and dates; malathion and cypermethrin in grapes to below MRLs at the recommended irradiation doses.

Abstract: A method and composition for a halogen free flame retardant heat shrinkable tube is described. These instant compositions when used to make the heat shrinkable tube products, they improve longitudinal direction shrinkage, mechanical properties, radial direction shrinkage, tube extruding speed, under beam cross-linking process, uniformity of tube thickness, shape and surface without deterioration of flame retardancy. The instant compositions are especially suitable for thin-wall halogen free flame retardant heat shrinkable tube products which are cross-linked by electron beam radiation process.

Abstract: Method for preparing stretched polypropylene films from a polypropylene resin that includes a low molecular weight hindered amine light stabilizer, and a high molecular weight hindered amine light stabilizer, and optionally a first antioxidant, and a second antioxidant. Also provided are methods for the preparation of woven jumbo polypropylene bags from the stretched polypropylene film.