Abstract: A reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) includes an active area in a semiconductor body. The active area includes an IGBT area, a diode area, a transition area laterally adjacent to the diode area, trenches extending into the semiconductor body from a first surface of the semiconductor body, and a drift region of a first conductivity type that includes lifetime killing impurities in the transition area. The active area further includes a barrier region of the first conductivity type between the drift region and the first surface. A maximum doping concentration in the barrier region is at least 100 times larger than an average doping concentration in the drift region. The barrier region laterally extends through at least part of the transition area, and laterally ends in or before the diode area. The RC-IGBT further includes an edge termination area at least partly surrounding the active area.

Abstract: A reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) includes an active area in a semiconductor body. The active area includes an IGBT area, a diode area, a transition area laterally adjacent to the diode area, trenches extending into the semiconductor body from a first surface of the semiconductor body, and a drift region of a first conductivity type that includes lifetime killing impurities in the transition area. The active area further includes a barrier region of the first conductivity type between the drift region and the first surface. A maximum doping concentration in the barrier region is at least 100 times larger than an average doping concentration in the drift region. The barrier region laterally extends through at least part of the transition area, and laterally ends in or before the diode area. The RC-IGBT further includes an edge termination area at least partly surrounding the active area.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enables controlling the TNULL characteristic of a self-compensated oscillator by controlling the magnitude and direction of the frequency deviation versus temperature, and thus, compensating the frequency deviation.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enables controlling the TNULL characteristic of a self-compensated oscillator by controlling the magnitude and direction of the frequency deviation versus temperature, and thus, compensating the frequency deviation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling idle websites on a Web server are disclosed. The duration between requests for a website application is monitored and compared to an idle time-out value. The idle time-out value may be a user-selected value that is the same for all website applications or an idle time-out value selected for a group of worker processes. When the idle time-out value is reached, all inactive memory allocations for the website application are paged-out. When a request for the website application is later received, memory for the website application is paged-in so that the request can be processed.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for flexible, secure energy management that enable control of individual devices in a customer site's energy infrastructure, which can allow optimization (e.g., by minimizing energy cost or usage) across the infrastructure. A system management component may centralize optimization and control capabilities across the energy infrastructure by determining an energy model and directing consumption, storage, and energy draw activities for the totality of the energy infrastructure devices. Systems may include modular, secure terminal devices that can be attached to or paired with the devices in an energy infrastructure in order to provide input data such as power load metrics, as well as to control the operation of the devices. A dynamic, adaptive prediction of system parameters, such as future demand, cost, generation capacity, and other metrics, may be provided. Dynamic, adaptive prediction may be performed without detailed historical usage data.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for individually controlling energy storage devices in an array of devices. An energy storage regulation unit (ESRU) is described that enables the connection of an energy storage device to a system load bus and a charging/diagnostic bus such that the energy storage device may be individually charged and/or disconnected for maintenance. The ESRU comprises switches for selectively connecting the system load bus circuit, charging circuit, or a bypass circuit. An energy storage regulator is further described for enabling the control of one or more ESRUs. A regulator controller may receive sensor or measurement data from the ESRUs connected to the energy storage regulator, and may also issue control instructions that control the switches of the individual ESRUs. Measurement data can include, for example, voltage, current, or temperature information relating to a specific ESRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling idle websites on a Web server are disclosed. The duration between requests for a website application is monitored and compared to an idle time-out value. The idle time-out value may be a user-selected value that is the same for all website applications or an idle time-out value selected for a group of worker processes. When the idle time-out value is reached, all inactive memory allocations for the website application are paged-out. When a request for the website application is later received, memory for the website application is paged-in so that the request can be processed.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for individually controlling energy storage devices in an array of devices. An energy storage regulation unit (ESRU) is described that enables the connection of an energy storage device to a system load bus and a charging/diagnostic bus such that the energy storage device may be individually charged and/or disconnected for maintenance. The ESRU comprises switches for selectively connecting the system load bus circuit, charging circuit, or a bypass circuit. An energy storage regulator is further described for enabling the control of one or more ESRUs. A regulator controller may receive sensor or measurement data from the ESRUs connected to the energy storage regulator, and may also issue control instructions that control the switches of the individual ESRUs. Measurement data can include, for example, voltage, current, or temperature information relating to a specific ESRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling idle websites on a Web server are disclosed. The duration between requests for a website application is monitored and compared to an idle time-out value. The idle time-out value may be a user-selected value that is the same for all website applications or an idle time-out value selected for a group of worker processes. When the idle time-out value is reached, all inactive memory allocations for the website application are paged-out. When a request for the website application is later received, memory for the website application is paged-in so that the request can be processed.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enables controlling the TNULL characteristic of a self-compensated oscillator by controlling the magnitude and direction of the frequency deviation versus temperature, and thus, compensating the frequency deviation.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for flexible, secure energy management that enable control of individual devices in a customer site's energy infrastructure, which can allow optimization (e.g., by minimizing energy cost or usage) across the infrastructure. A system management component may centralize optimization and control capabilities across the energy infrastructure by determining an energy model and directing consumption, storage, and energy draw activities for the totality of the energy infrastructure devices. Systems may include modular, secure terminal devices that can be attached to or paired with the devices in an energy infrastructure in order to provide input data such as power load metrics, as well as to control the operation of the devices. A dynamic, adaptive prediction of system parameters, such as future demand, cost, generation capacity, and other metrics, may be provided. Dynamic, adaptive prediction may be performed without detailed historical usage data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling idle websites on a Web server are disclosed. The duration between requests for a website application is monitored and compared to an idle time-out value. The idle time-out value may be a user-selected value that is the same for all website applications or an idle time-out value selected for a group of worker processes. When the idle time-out value is reached, all inactive memory allocations for the website application are paged-out. When a request for the website application is later received, memory for the website application is paged-in so that the request can be processed.

Abstract: A method for separating eucaryotic or procaryotic cells or other particularly biological material which is sensitive against high shearing forces from a suspension is provided using at least one hydrocyclone with an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the hydrocyclone is essentially opposite to the inlet and the interior space of the hydrocyclone converges towards the outlet. The suspension is delivered to the inlet of the hydrocyclone, and the suspension enriched with the cells is drained off from the outlet. The enriched suspension is then guided from or through the outlet by a flow means in such a way, that a minimum of shearing stresses occurs and the kinetic energy of the enriched suspension at the outlet of the hydrocyclone is reduced that the viability of the cell material is influenced at a minimum.