Abstract: An embodiment of a method of evaluating fluid trapping in an earth formation includes injecting a water-based fluid into at least one fluid channel fabricated on a substrate, the at least one fluid channel having a pore structure configured to represent a condition of an earth formation. The method also includes injecting oil into an inlet of the at least one fluid channel until at least a selected amount of the injected oil exits the channel, imaging the fluid channel and determining an amount of remaining fluid in the fluid channel after injection of the oil, the remaining fluid being an amount of the oil and/or an amount of the water-based fluid, and estimating a proportion of the total volume of the fluid channel occupied by the remaining fluid to determine an amount of fluid trapping in the pore structure. The method further includes analyzing the amount of fluid trapping.

Abstract: A well servicing fluid includes ingredients including a GLDA salt, a crosslinker, and a viscosifying agent that is not crosslinked by the crosslinker. A well treatment method includes forming a well servicing fluid with ingredients including a GLDA salt, a viscosifying agent, and a crosslinker, the GLDA salt containing a metal cation chelated with a GLDA anion. The well servicing fluid is inserted into a well in a formation. The method includes crosslinking the viscosifying agent and attaining a first viscosity of the well servicing fluid using the crosslinker. After the attaining of the first viscosity, viscosity of the well servicing fluid in the well is decreased to a second viscosity less than the first viscosity by using the GLDA anion. The GLDA salt may be a GLDA calcium salt and the crosslinker may be a zirconium crosslinker.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method of evaluating fluid trapping in an earth formation includes injecting a water-based fluid into at least one fluid channel fabricated on a substrate, the at least one fluid channel having a pore structure configured to represent a condition of an earth formation. The method also includes injecting oil into an inlet of the at least one fluid channel until at least a selected amount of the injected oil exits the channel, imaging the fluid channel and determining an amount of remaining fluid in the fluid channel after injection of the oil, the remaining fluid being an amount of the oil and/or an amount of the water-based fluid, and estimating a proportion of the total volume of the fluid channel occupied by the remaining fluid to determine an amount of fluid trapping in the pore structure. The method further includes analyzing the amount of fluid trapping.

Abstract: A composition of a mixture of at least three organic acids with hydrofluoric acid (HF) generates a system that stimulates subterranean sandstone formations, enhances the permeability thereof, and therefore increases the formation's productivity. This system has a very low corrosion rate and may start with a pH greater than about 2. It is suitable for high temperature wells (greater than about 250° F. (121° C.)) and wells completed with specialized metal alloys. The system is hydrochloric acid-free and is compatible with high clay formations. Particularly suitable organic acids include, but are not necessarily limited to, the dicarboxylic acids succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the hydrofluoric acid is supplied by a substance that hydrolyzes to HF (e.g. ammonium bifluoride) and boric acid is included to delay the hydrolyzing to HF.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, one embodiment of a fractal variable capacitor comprises a capacitor body in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure, wherein the capacitor body has an upper first metal plate with a fractal shape separated by a vertical distance from a lower first metal plate with a complementary fractal shape; and a substrate above which the capacitor body is suspended.

Abstract: Various embodiments are provided for fully digital chaotic differential equation-based systems and methods. In one embodiment, among others, a digital circuit includes digital state registers and one or more digital logic modules configured to obtain a first value from two or more of the digital state registers; determine a second value based upon the obtained first values and a chaotic differential equation; and provide the second value to set a state of one of the plurality of digital state registers. In another embodiment, a digital circuit includes digital state registers, digital logic modules configured to obtain outputs from a subset of the digital shift registers and to provide the input based upon a chaotic differential equation for setting a state of at least one of the subset of digital shift registers, and a digital clock configured to provide a clock signal for operating the digital shift registers.

Abstract: A well servicing fluid includes ingredients including a GLDA salt, a crosslinker, and a viscosifying agent that is not crosslinked by the crosslinker. A well treatment method includes forming a well servicing fluid with ingredients including a GLDA salt, a viscosifying agent, and a crosslinker, the GLDA salt containing a metal cation chelated with a GLDA anion. The well servicing fluid is inserted into a well in a formation. The method includes crosslinking the viscosifying agent and attaining a first viscosity of the well servicing fluid using the crosslinker. After the attaining of the first viscosity, viscosity of the well servicing fluid in the well is decreased to a second viscosity less than the first viscosity by using the GLDA anion. The GLDA salt may be a GLDA calcium salt and the crosslinker may be a zirconium crosslinker.

Abstract: An embodiment of a fractal fixed capacitor comprises a capacitor body in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure. The capacitor body has a first plate with a fractal shape separated by a horizontal distance from a second plate with a fractal shape. The first plate and the second plate are within the same plane. Such a fractal fixed capacitor further comprises a substrate above which the capacitor body is positioned.

Abstract: Various methods and systems related to chaos-based pseudo-random number generation are presented. In one example, among others, a system includes a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to generate a series of digital outputs and a nonlinear post processing circuit to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on a first portion of a current digital output of the PRNG and a permutated version of a corresponding first portion of a previous post processed output to generate a corresponding first portion of a current post processed output. In another example, a method includes receiving at least a first portion of a current output from a PRNG and performing an XOR operation on the first portion of the current PRNG output with a permutated version of a corresponding first portion of a previous post processed output to generate a corresponding first portion of a current post processed output.

Abstract: An embodiment of a fractal fixed capacitor comprises a capacitor body in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure. The capacitor body has a first plate with a fractal shape separated by a horizontal distance from a second plate with a fractal shape. The first plate and the second plate are within the same plane. Such a fractal fixed capacitor further comprises a substrate above which the capacitor body is positioned.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, one embodiment of a fractal variable capacitor comprises a capacitor body in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structure, wherein the capacitor body has an upper first metal plate with a fractal shape separated by a vertical distance from a lower first metal plate with a complementary fractal shape; and a substrate above which the capacitor body is suspended.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of methods and systems related to fractional order element based impedance matching. In one embodiment, a method includes aligning a traditional Smith chart (|?|=1) with a fractional order Smith chart (|?|?1). A load impedance is located on the traditional Smith chart and projected onto the fractional order Smith chart. A fractional order matching element is determined by transitioning along a matching circle of the fractional order Smith chart based at least in part upon characteristic line impedance. In another embodiment, a system includes a fractional order impedance matching application executed in a computing device. The fractional order impedance matching application includes logic that obtains a first set of Smith chart coordinates at a first order, determines a second set of Smith chart coordinates at a second order, and determines a fractional order matching element from the second set of Smith chart coordinates.

Abstract: Various embodiments are provided for fully digital chaotic differential equation-based systems and methods. In one embodiment, among others, a digital circuit includes digital state registers and one or more digital logic modules configured to obtain a first value from two or more of the digital state registers; determine a second value based upon the obtained first values and a chaotic differential equation; and provide the second value to set a state of one of the plurality of digital state registers. In another embodiment, a digital circuit includes digital state registers, digital logic modules configured to obtain outputs from a subset of the digital shift registers and to provide the input based upon a chaotic differential equation for setting a state of at least one of the subset of digital shift registers, and a digital clock configured to provide a clock signal for operating the digital shift registers.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of methods and systems related to fractional order element based impedance matching. In one embodiment, a method includes aligning a traditional Smith chart (|?|=1) with a fractional order Smith chart (|?|?1). A load impedance is located on the traditional Smith chart and projected onto the fractional order Smith chart. A fractional order matching element is determined by transitioning along a matching circle of the fractional order Smith chart based at least in part upon characteristic line impedance. In another embodiment, a system includes a fractional order impedance matching application executed in a computing device. The fractional order impedance matching application includes logic that obtains a first set of Smith chart coordinates at a first order, determines a second set of Smith chart coordinates at a second order, and determines a fractional order matching element from the second set of Smith chart coordinates.