Abstract: An apparatus for mixing wash water and crude oil includes a crude oil pipe, a wash water manifold, a plurality of conduits, and a flow controller. The crude oil pipe includes a wall having an interior surface, an exterior surface, and a plurality of wash water injectors. The plurality of wash water injectors are angularly distributed on a circumferential band of the wall of the crude oil pipe. The flow controller is operable to regulate wash water flow through the plurality of conduits. Each of the plurality of wash water injectors is fluidly coupled to the wash water manifold by one of the plurality of conduits. The plurality of wash water injectors are arranged to provide mixing of the wash water and the crude oil when the wash water is injected into the crude oil pipe through the plurality of wash water injectors.

Abstract: Systems for and methods of modelling, analyzing and managing data networks are provided. In an embodiment, a plurality of network device interfaces are configured to collect state information for a plurality of network devices. A computer-implemented model of the network comprises a data structure, which may be graph-based. The data structure comprises a plurality of snapshots of the network, each snapshot representing the network at a particular point in time, and the data structure comprises a representation of possible data flow and data packet processing within the network. The data structure contains normalized representations of the network devices corresponding to the location. The normalized representation for each device contains a set of packet processing rules. A user-interface is configured to receive queries from a user that request verification of network policies and predictions of network behavior.

Abstract: A network-wide verification system may be adapted with a data plane verification layer positioned between a set of multiple network devices and a controller in network communication with the devices, where the controller is configured to transmit packet-forwarding rules to the devices. The data plane verification layer monitors network rule modifications, such as monitoring modifications initiated by the network devices and/or by the controller, and verifies the validity of invariants of the monitored network according to multiple stored network invariants. The verification may be executed on parts of the network taking actions that are capable of being influenced by a new rule modification. The network invariants include conditions expected to be upheld in valid network operation as related to packet routing and the packet-forwarding rules.

Abstract: A network-wide verification system may be adapted with a data plane verification layer positioned between a set of multiple network devices and a controller in network communication with the devices, where the controller is configured to transmit packet-forwarding rules to the devices. The data plane verification layer monitors network rule modifications, such as monitoring modifications initiated by the network devices and/or by the controller, and verifies the validity of invariants of the monitored network according to multiple stored network invariants. The verification may be executed on parts of the network taking actions that are capable of being influenced by a new rule modification. The network invariants include conditions expected to be upheld in valid network operation as related to packet routing and the packet-forwarding rules.