Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first, second, and third power rails extending in a first direction on a substrate and sequentially spaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction. A fourth power rail extends in the first direction on the substrate between the first and third power rails. A first well of a first conductive type is displaced inside the substrate between the first and third power rails. Cells are continuously displaced between the first and third power rails and share the first well. The first and third power rails are provided with a first voltage, the second power rail is provided with a second voltage different from the first voltage, the fourth power rail is provided with a third voltage different from the first voltage and the second voltage, and the cells are provided with the third voltage from the fourth power rail.

Abstract: The application relates to a microorganism having weakened activity of a LacI family DNA-binding transcriptional regulator protein, and an L-glutamic acid production method using same. A Corynebacterium sp. microorganism having weakened activity of a LacI family DNA-binding transcriptional regulator protein has remarkably increased L-glutamic acid productivity, and thus the microorganism can produce L-glutamic acid in a yield higher than that of a conventional microorganism by using same.

Abstract: The present application relates to an antiviral composition comprising nucleoside analogues derived from a nucleotide, and a composition, a feed or a feed additive for enhancing immunity.

Abstract: The present application relates to a strain and a microorganism for producing high concentration L-glutamic acid and a method of use thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a membrane humidifier cartridge, in which a hollow fiber membrane accommodated in a cartridge may be prevented from being damaged by a fluid, and a fuel cell membrane humidifier including the same. The membrane humidifier cartridge may include: an inner case accommodating therein a hollow fiber membrane in which a first fluid flows; a potting portion fixing a terminal of the hollow fiber membrane; a first mesh hole portion into which the second fluid is introduced, and formed to protrude from one side of the inner case; and a second mesh hole portion formed to protrude from another side of the inner case, in which the second fluid introduced through the first mesh hole portion is discharged after exchanging moisture with the first fluid through the hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: Provided are a membrane humidifier cartridge, in which a hollow fiber membrane accommodated in a cartridge may be prevented from being damaged by a fluid, and a fuel cell membrane humidifier including the same. The membrane humidifier cartridge may include an inner case accommodating therein a hollow fiber membrane in which a first fluid flows, and including a material having a first hardness, a potting portion fixing a terminal of the hollow fiber membrane, a first mesh hole portion through which a second fluid is introduced, and including a plurality of windows, and a second mesh hole portion through which the second fluid introduced through the first mesh hole portion is discharged after exchanging moisture with the first fluid through the hollow fiber membrane, and including a plurality of windows. At least any one of the first mesh hole portion and the second mesh hole portion may include a material having a second hardness that is less than the first hardness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cartridge for a fuel cell humidifier, and a fuel cell humidifier, the cartridge comprising: an inner case having both ends opened; a hollow fiber membrane bundle received in the inner case; an inner inlet and an inner outlet formed on the inner case so as to be spaced along a first axial direction; a first potting layer for fixing one end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle at one end of the inner case; and a second potting layer for fixing the other end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle at the other end of the inner case, wherein the packing density is 0.405 to 0.625 inclusive, the packing density being based on, with respect to a second axial direction perpendicular to the first axial direction, the potting cross-section of the inside of the one end of the inner case where the first potting layer is potted, and the membrane cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane bundle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell system capable of adjusting a bypass flow rate, which can automatically adjust the bypass flow rate according to the temperature of dry gas flowing from a blower. A fuel cell system capable of adjusting a bypass flow rate according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a blower for supplying dry gas through a supply flow path; a dry gas inlet for supplying at least a portion of the dry gas supplied from the blower to a membrane humidifier; a bypass flow path for supplying at least a portion of the dry gas supplied from the blower to a fuel cell stack by bypassing the membrane humidifier; and a bypass flow rate adjustment part formed in the bypass flow path and for adjusting the degree of opening of the bypass flow path according to the temperature of the dry gas flowing from the blower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier capable of preventing a decrease in humidification efficiency, caused by a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the membrane humidifier. The fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a middle case which has a module insertion unit; a cap case; a hollow fiber membrane module which is inserted into the module insertion unit; and an active pressure buffer unit which is formed between the middle case and the module insertion unit and which, according to the output condition of a fuel cell, prevents expansion of the module insertion unit due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the middle case or eliminates the pressure difference.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a strain for producing L-glutamic acid and a method of use thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a cell substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first mold stack including a plurality of first gate electrodes sequentially stacked on the first surface, a second mold stack including a plurality of second gate electrodes sequentially stacked on the first mold stack, a first channel structure extending in a first direction with respect to the first surface and crossing the plurality of first gate electrodes and the plurality of second gate electrodes, and an input/output pad on the second surface, wherein the first mold stack includes a mold opening that exposes a portion of the second mold stack, and at least a portion of the input/output pad overlaps the mold opening in the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell humidifier which can prevent condensate water from entering a running fuel cell stack. A fuel cell humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a humidification module; a first cap having an air discharge port for supplying air humidified by the humidification; a second cap having an air inlet port for receiving the air supplied from the outside; a bypass tube for transferring condensate water, which is generated in the interior space of the first cap or flows into the interior space of the first cap from the hollow fiber membranes, to the interior space of the housing where the off-gas flows; and a condensation inducing part extending from the air discharge port to expand the humidified air so as to induce condensation of condensate water while slowing down the speed thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell system capable of adjusting a bypass flow rate, in which the bypass flow rate can be automatically adjusted according to the temperature of an exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell system capable of adjusting a bypass flow rate, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: an exhaust gas inlet flow path; an exhaust gas discharge flow path; a bypass flow path for bypassing a membrane humidifier to allow at least a portion of an exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell stack to flow to the exhaust gas discharge flow path; and a bypass flow rate control unit that is formed in the bypass flow path and adjusts the opening degree of the bypass flow path according to the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, which can prevent a decrease in humidification efficiency, caused by a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane humidifier. The membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a middle case having a module insertion part formed therein; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a hollow fiber membrane module inserted in the module insertion part; and an active pressure buffer part formed between the middle case and the module insertion part to prevent expansion of the module insertion part due to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the middle case or relieve the pressure difference according to output states of the fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier capable of preventing a humidification efficiency decrease caused by the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane humidifier. The fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a middle case in which a module insertion part, including an outer partition wall formed spaced apart from an inner wall of the middle case, is formed; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a hollow fiber membrane module inserted into the module insertion part; and an active pressure buffer part that is formed between the middle case and the module insertion part and prevents the module insertion part from expanding due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the middle case, or resolves the pressure difference, according to the output status of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second substrates connected to each other. The second substrate includes a plate layer having first and second faces. Gate electrode layers are disposed on the first face of the plate layer. Channel structures extend through the gate electrode layers. Word-line cutting structures extend through the gate electrode layers and are spaced apart from each other. Via structures are disposed on the second face of the plate layer. Via connecting structures are disposed on the top face of the via structures. A width of the bottom face of each of the via structures is greater than a width of the top face of each of the via structures. A width of the bottom face of each of the via connecting structures is less than a width of the top face of each of the via connecting structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier which adjusts a clearance between hollow fiber membranes according to a temperature of a fluid flowing between the hollow fiber membranes to improve humidification efficiency. A fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a mid-case; a cap fastened to the mid-case; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes disposed in the mid-case and exchanging moisture with an air supplied from the outside and flue gas introduced from a fuel cell stack to humidify the air; and a clearance adjustment pipe disposed between the plurality of hollow fiber membranes and formed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient different from that of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, so as to adjust the clearance between the plurality of hollow fiber membranes according to a temperature of flue gas.

Abstract: Provided is a method of differentiating a pluripotent stem cell-derived hemogenic endothelial cell into a lymphoid lineage blood cell, enabling a hemogenic endothelial cell to be cultured for a long period of time so as to be induced into a lymphoid lineage blood cell, thereby facilitating induction of generation of immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and NK cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane including, sequentially from the center: a first layer having a high-density sponge structure including pores with a size of 1 nm or less; a second layer including a finger-shaped structure; and a third layer having a low-density sponge structure including pores with a size of 10 to 1,000 ?m, and to a method for producing the hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier which can actively control the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing from a fuel cell stack according to the output condition of a fuel cell. A fuel cell membrane humidifier according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a mid-case having an inlet through which wetting gas supplied from the fuel cell stack is introduced and an outlet through which the wetting gas is discharged; a cartridge disposed inside the mid-case and accommodating a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; a bypass space formed in the space between the mid-case and the cartridge; and an active blocking member for controlling the degree of opening of the bypass space according to the temperature of the wetting gas introduced through the inlet.