Abstract: An operation method includes obtaining an input matrix including a coefficient of a polynomial, based on a preprocessing unit (PU), performing a preprocessing operation on the coefficient, based on a first number-theoretic transform (NTT) architecture, performing a first NTT operation on a column element of the input matrix for which the preprocessing operation is completed, performing a Hadamard product operation between a result of the first NTT operation and a twiddle factor, and based on a second NTT architecture, performing a second NTT operation on a row element of the input matrix for which the Hadamard product operation is completed.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, an interposer attached to a top of the substrate and comprising a plurality of through-silicon vias (TSVs), a plurality of core chiplets attached to a top of the interposer, and a plurality of memory chiplets attached to the top of the interposer, wherein each of the plurality of core chiplets comprises a number-theoretic transform (NTT) module.

Abstract: An energy storage apparatus includes an energy storage unit including a plurality of energy storage devices each having a flat shape, and an outer case that accommodates the energy storage unit. The outer case includes an outer case body in which a first opening portion opened in a predetermined direction is formed, the outer case body includes a bottom wall facing the first opening portion in the predetermined direction, and a side wall integrated with the bottom wall, and a second opening portion through which the energy storage unit can pass is formed at a position facing the side wall of the outer case body.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: one or more memories configured to store an operation key comprising a re-linearization key and ciphertext comprising a plurality of modules; a controller configured to schedule a homomorphic encryption operation based on the ciphertext, based on at least one of the plurality of modules and a modulus of the ciphertext; and a plurality of operation devices configured to parallelly process respective parts of the homomorphic encryption operation according to a result of the scheduling.

Abstract: An apparatus and method with homomorphic encryption are included. An apparatus includes a processor configured to, and/or coupled with a memory storing instructions to configure the processor to: generate, from a ciphertext corresponding to a polynomial having a first degree for performing a homomorphic encryption operation, split polynomials having a second degree by factorizing the polynomial, wherein the split polynomials have a second degree that is less than the first degree, generate partial operation results by performing an element-wise operation using the split polynomials, and generate a homomorphic encryption operation result corresponding to the ciphertext by joining the partial operation results.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods with crypto processing. Computing devices may be interconnected to each other. Each computing device may be configured to perform polynomial operations based on homomorphic encryption. Memories may be configured to store instructions. Controllers may be configured to transfer instructions from the memories to the computing devices. One or more of the computing devices may each be configured to individually process, in parallel, at least a portion of the polynomial operations based on the homomorphic encryption according to an instruction transferred from a corresponding memory.

Abstract: A rupture valve is formed on a wall of a container and has a break line along which a wall thickness of the rupture valve is decreased. The break line has an outer edge line which defines an outer edge of an opening region and a plurality of division lines which divide the opening region. The outer edge line has: a first base line and a second base line formed discontinuously such that the first base line and the second base line extend in a first direction, and are formed in a spaced-apart manner in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; a first support portion forming line formed on a breaking portion of the first base line and extending from the first base line toward the second base line; and a second support portion forming line formed on a breaking portion of the second base line.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes: a case having a bottom wall and a ceiling wall, a front wall and a rear wall having areas smaller than an area of the ceiling wall respectively, and a pair of side walls having areas larger than the area of the ceiling wall respectively; a stacked electrode assembly accommodated in the inside of the case, and having a plurality of positive electrode plates and a plurality of negative electrode plates having a plate shape and stacked to each other with a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab extending from the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates toward the front wall; and an external terminal mounted on the front wall and electrically connected with the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab.

Abstract: A rupture valve is formed on a wall of a container and has a break line along which a wall thickness of the rupture valve is decreased. The break line has an outer edge line which defines an outer edge of an opening region and a plurality of division lines which divide the opening region. The outer edge line has: a first base line and a second base line formed discontinuously such that the first base line and the second base line extend in a first direction, and are formed in a spaced-apart manner in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; a first support portion forming line formed on a breaking portion of the first base line and extending from the first base line toward the second base line; and a second support portion forming line formed on a breaking portion of the second base line.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes: an electrode assembly; a case configured to store the electrode assembly; a conductive member electrically connected to the electrode assembly; a first insulating member disposed between a wall of the case and the conductive member; and a projection protrudingly provided on the wall on an opposite side to the first insulating member, wherein the first insulating member has a first engaging portion configured to engage with a limiting portion, the limiting portion being a portion of a recess formed on the wall on an opposite side to the projection.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes: a case having a bottom wall and a ceiling wall, a front wall and a rear wall having areas smaller than an area of the ceiling wall respectively, and a pair of side walls having areas larger than the area of the ceiling wall respectively; a stacked electrode assembly accommodated in the inside of the case, and having a plurality of positive electrode plates and a plurality of negative electrode plates having a plate shape and stacked to each other with a separator interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab extending from the positive electrode plates and the negative electrode plates toward the front wall; and an external terminal mounted on the front wall and electrically connected with the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes: an electrode assembly; a case configured to store the electrode assembly; a conductive member electrically connected to the electrode assembly; a first insulating member disposed between a wall of the case and the conductive member; and a projection protrudingly provided on the wall on an opposite side to the first insulating member, wherein the first insulating member has a first engaging portion configured to engage with a limiting portion, the limiting portion being a portion of a recess formed on the wall on an opposite side to the projection.