Abstract: A portable electric appliance is provided with a solar energy accumulator. The accumulator is integrally mounted on the electric appliance when the appliance is desired to operate or be transported. When the portable electric appliance is not used, the accumulator is removed from the appliance and moved to a bright place.

Abstract: A solar cell comprises a plurality of series connected photoelectric conversion structures formed on a substrate. The conversion structure consists of a first semiconductor film on a P-type, an intrinsic semiconductor film formed on the first semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond an end of the first semiconductor film and a second semiconductor film of a second, opposite conductivity type formed on the intrinsic semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond the extended end of the intrinsic semiconductor film and makes direct electrical contact with an end of the first semiconductor film of the adjacent structure.

Abstract: An improved method for manufacturing uniform films or etching uniformly on a plurality of substrates is shown. The substrates are vertically placed in a reaction chamber so as to be treated at once. A chemical vapor reaction takes place by virtue of a high frequency electric power which is modulated in its amplitude. By this modulation, the deposition or etching can be carried out over the surface of a susbtrate.