Abstract: A power supply unit, a distributed power supply system and an electric vehicle loaded therewith, capable of charge/discharge operation are disclosed. A first cell group is connected in parallel to a second cell group in which the electrolytic solution can be electrolyzed or the generated gas can be recombined. A plurality of the parallel circuit pairs are connected in series, and the series circuit is connected with a charger/discharger to constitute the power supply unit. The charger/discharger charges the power supply unit up to a voltage at which the electrolytic solution of the second cell group is electrolyzed or the generated gas is recombined.

Abstract: A power supply unit, a distributed power supply system and an electric vehicle loaded therewith, capable of charge/discharge operation are disclosed. A first cell group is connected in parallel to a second cell group in which the electrolytic solution can be electrolyzed or the generated gas can be recombined. A plurality of the parallel circuit pairs are connected in series, and the series circuit is connected with a charger/discharger to constitute the power supply unit. The charger/discharger charges the power supply unit up to a voltage at which the electrolytic solution of the second cell group is electrolyzed or the generated gas is recombined.

Abstract: Lower order control devices control plural battery cells configuring plural battery modules. An input terminal of the low order control device in the highest potential, an output terminal of the low order control device in the lowest potential, and a high order control device are connected by isolating units, photocouplers. Diodes which prevent a discharge current of the battery cells in the battery modules are disposed between the output terminal of the low order control device and the battery cells in the battery module on the low potential side. Terminals related to input/output of a signal are electrically connected without isolating among the plural low order control devices.

Abstract: A protection apparatus for storage battery for storing and feeding power comprises an anomaly detection unit for detecting an anomalous state in at least one of the voltage, a current flow, and the frequency in at least one of an input power and an output power of the storage battery, the temperature and the pressure in the storage battery, and an external force applied to the storage battery, and a short-circuit unit for shorting both electrodes of the storage battery when an anomaly is detected in at least one of the input power, the output power, and the storage battery.

Abstract: An electric power system comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series, a plurality of DC-AC conversion circuits converting each DC voltage of the plurality of capacitor to an AC signal that an AC component equivalent to the inter-terminal DC voltage of each of the capacitors is superimposed on the respective DC voltages and a plurality of condenser couplers break the respective DC voltages and output the AC components respectively, and a processing circuit detecting the inter-terminal DC voltage of the corresponding capacitor from the AC component.

Abstract: A electric power system comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series, a plurality of DC-AC conversion circuits converting each DC voltage of the plurality of capacitors to an AC signal that an AC component equivalent to the inter-terminal DC voltage of each of the capacitors is superimposed on the respective DC voltages and a plurality of condenser couplers break the respective DC voltages and output the AC components respectively, and a processing circuit detecting the inter-terminal DC voltage of the corresponding capacitor from the AC component.

Abstract: A charge and discharge apparatus for electric power storage means has an AC power source, a transforming apparatus, which comprises a primary winding connected to the AC power source, and plural secondary windings, and plural electric power converters comprising plural AC sides, respective ones of which are connected to a respective one of the plural secondary windings, and plural DC sides, respective ones of which are connected to a respective one of the plural electric power storage means.

Abstract: A power storage device has a plurality of series-connected storage battery units, battery circuits associated with the storage battery units to control or monitor the storage battery units, respectively; a main circuit of a potential level different from that of the battery circuits; and a potential level changing circuits connecting the battery circuit to the main circuit. The power storage unit is small in construction and operates at a low power consumption in a high control accuracy.

Abstract: A power storage device has a plurality of series-connected storage battery units, battery circuits associated with the storage battery units to control or monitor the storage battery units, respectively; a main circuit of a potential level different from that of the battery circuits; and a potential level changing circuits connecting the battery circuit to the main circuit. The power storage unit is small in construction and operates at a low power consumption in a high control accuracy.

Abstract: A battery system includes a battery assembly having a plurality of modules, which are controlled by a system control circuit, each module including a module control circuit and a module by-pass circuit which is controlled via the module control circuit so as to suppress the charging variation among the plurality of modules. Each control circuit and the system-controlling circuit are connected to each other via a bilateral transmission medium and each module by-pass circuit is controlled based on information bilaterally transmitted between each module control circuit and the system control circuit via the bilateral transmission medium.

Abstract: A battery apparatus has a first switch connected to a battery; a first electric energy storing device, such as a capacitor, connected to the battery through the first switch; a second switch connected to the first electric energy storing device; and a voltage detecting device having an input terminal which is selectively connected to the first electric energy storing device through the second switch.

Abstract: An electric apparatus has a plurality of electric parts and a casing made of electrically conductive material for accommodating therein or mounting thereon a plurality of electric parts. The casing, which has a cavity therein, is provided with a plurality of projections for radiating heat generated by the electric parts in the cavity. The casing is provided with openings for allowing a heat conductive medium to flow into and out of the casing. Further, an electric apparatus has a plurality of electric parts and a casing made of electrically conductive material for accommodating therein or mounting thereon a plurality of electric parts. The casing is provided with openings for allowing a heat conductive medium to flow into and out of the casing. The casing is provided therein with a partition wall which is made of electrically conductive material for dividing the interior of the casing into a plurality of zones along a direction of a flow of the heat conductive medium.

Abstract: A static RAM includes pre-amplifiers, which are made up solely of emitter-follower transistors having their collectors supplied with the power voltage, in one-to-one correspondence to sub common data line pairs which are connected by column switches to complementary data line pairs of memory arrays. The pre-amplifier is provided with a first switch which turns on during the selected state to connect the sub common data line pair to the bases of the transistors and a second switch which turns on during the unselected state to provide the bases with a certain bias voltage lower than the readout signal voltage on the sub common data line pair. The emitter-follower transistors have their emitters connected commonly to form common emitter lines, which are connected to pairs of input terminals of main amplifiers made up of CMOS transistors.

Abstract: A memory device comprising a memory array having a plurality of bits, including parity bits, and comprising a plurality of memory blocks, and a bit structure changing section for changing the input/output bits of the memory array, wherein the number of the memory blocks are prescribed to be an integral multiple of three and the input/output bits of the plurality of memory blocks are even. Thereby, the bit structure of the semiconductor memory, having parity bits and which is capable of changing the input/output bits to a plurality of bit structures, can be changed while maintaining the bit structure of the memory blocks even and without increase in propagation delay time.