Abstract: There is disclosed a ceramic heater 11 comprising: a plate member 12 made of insulating ceramics in which one or more pair(s) of through-holes 13 are formed; a conductive layer 19 made of conductive ceramics; and a coating layer 21 made of insulating ceramics; wherein a joint member 14 made of conductive ceramics is inserted into the through-hole; an end face 16 of the joint member has a same plane with a main surface 15 of the plate member; the joint member is coated with the conductive layer 19 and thereby fixed to the plate member and also connected with the conductive layer having a heater pattern 20; and an opposite side of the joint member projects from the plate member and the projecting portion 18 constitutes a terminal on which the coating layer is not formed.

Abstract: A paper folding apparatus for folding a copied sheet of paper discharged from a copying machine. The apparatus includes a feed roller pair for feeding a sheet of paper, a first folding roller pair, a second folding roller pair. This second folding roller pair is disposed in opposition to the first folding roller pair, for folding the sheet of paper fed from the feed roller pair in cooperation with the first folding roller pair. A swingable paper guide unit is disposed above the first and second folding roller pairs, for guiding the sheet of paper fed from the feed roller pair selectively to the first folding roller pair or the second folding roller pair. A paper guide plate is disposed between the first and second folding roller pairs, for leading a leading edge of the sheet of paper guided by the paper guide unit to a nip portion of the first folding roller pair or the second folding roller pair.