Abstract: What is provided is a subtractor, as a re-quantization device, which is configured to detect re-quantization noise, a discrete time filter which is configured to perform frequency weighting on the detected re-quantization noise, an adder which is configured to add an additional signal to quantization noise, and an additional signal selector which is configured to select a value at the present time of a column of an additional signal for minimizing the magnitude of quantization noise having been subjected to frequency weighting evaluated one sampling or more later.

Abstract: What is provided is a subtractor, as a re-quantization device, which is configured to detect re-quantization noise, a discrete time filter which is configured to perform frequency weighting on the detected re-quantization noise, an adder which is configured to add an additional signal to quantization noise, and an additional signal selector which is configured to select a value at the present time of a column of an additional signal for minimizing the magnitude of quantization noise having been subjected to frequency weighting evaluated one sampling or more later.

Abstract: In a full digital amplifier for an audio amplifier or the like, it is possible to suppress the concentration of an electromagnetic noise emission spectrum at a specific frequency. A sampling period variation type digital filter is realized by varying the coefficient of a noise shaping filter for the delta-sigma modulator of the full digital amplifier depending on a sampling period. This allows the variation in the carrier frequency of the pulse width modulation.

Abstract: In a full digital amplifier for an audio amplifier or the like, it is possible to suppress the concentration of an electromagnetic noise emission spectrum at a specific frequency. A sampling period variation type digital filter is realized by varying the coefficient of a noise shaping filter for the delta-sigma modulator of the full digital amplifier depending on a sampling period. This allows the variation in the carrier frequency of the pulse width modulation.

Abstract: According to an image signal cancel-type heterodyne reception method, I-phase and Q-phase intermediate-frequency signals can be modulated using two orthogonal signals, superimposed one on the other, amplified by one amplifier, and modulated using two modulated orthogonal signals, thereby amplifying I-phase and Q-phase signals by one amplifier. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high image signal cancellation ratio with no difference in gain for both of the phases. According to a direct conversion orthogonal frequency division reception method, on the other hand, two-phase base-band signals can be amplified respectively by one amplifier to eliminate a difference in gain between amplifications of the two-phase base-bands, thereby realizing high non-interference between sub-carriers.

Abstract: A ring oscillator of an even number of stages of inverting/summing amplifiers that adds, to an input of each of the amplifiers, a signal from one such of the amplifiers as to be distant by an even number of stages therefrom, to realize a desired oscillation operation, thereby directly generating signals having phases shifted by 90 degrees from each other. Further, the signals in the ring oscillator are complementary to each other, so that by arranging these signals close to each other in a wiring, it is possible to realize low sensitivity to a mixed external signal.

Abstract: A ring oscillator of an even number of stages of inverting/summing amplifiers that adds, to an input of each of the amplifiers, a signal from one such of the amplifiers as to be distant by an even number of stages therefrom, to realize a desired oscillation operation, thereby directly generating signals having phases shifted by 90 degrees from each other. Further, the signals in the ring oscillator are complementary to each other, so that by arranging these signals close to each other in a wiring, it is possible to realize low sensitivity to a mixed external signal.

Abstract: According to an image signal cancel-type heterodyne reception method, I-phase and Q-phase intermediate-frequency signals can be modulated using two orthogonal signals, superimposed one on the other, amplified by one amplifier, and modulated using two modulated orthogonal signals, thereby amplifying I-phase and Q-phase signals by one amplifier. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high image signal cancellation ratio with no difference in gain for both of the phases. According to a direct conversion orthogonal frequency division reception method, on the other hand, two-phase base-band signals can be amplified respectively by one amplifier to eliminate a difference in gain between amplifications of the two-phase base-bands, thereby realizing high non-interference between sub-carriers.

Abstract: A measurement block 10 which moves longitudinally on a road surface includes disk-shaped first, second, and third rollers 11, 12, and 13 having the same outer diameter with a predetermined spacing set therebetween, a first coupling rod 14 which is mounted on rotary shafts of the first and second rollers in a revolving manner, a second coupling rod 15 which has the same length as the first coupling rod and which is mounted on rotary shafts of the second and third rollers in a revolving manner, a distance measurement device 16 which is mounted on the rotary shaft of the first or second roller, and a rotary encoder 18 which is mounted on the second coupling rod to detect an angle between the first and second coupling rods. Each time the measurement block moves by a length between the first and second coupling rods, the angle between the first and second coupling rods is detected by the angle detection means to thereby create a longitudinal profile based on the detected value.

Abstract: A measurement block 10 which moves longitudinally on a road surface includes disk-shaped first, second, and third rollers 11, 12, and 13 having the same outer diameter with a predetermined spacing set therebetween, a first coupling rod 14 which is mounted on rotary shafts of the first and second rollers in a revolving manner, a second coupling rod 15 which has the same length as the first coupling rod and which is mounted on rotary shafts of the second and third rollers in a revolving manner, a distance measurement device 16 which is mounted on the rotary shaft of the first or second roller, and a rotary encoder 18 which is mounted on the second coupling rod to detect an angle between the first and second coupling rods. Each time the measurement block moves by a length between the first and second coupling rods, the angle between the first and second coupling rods is detected by the angle detection means to thereby create a longitudinal,profile based on the detected value.

Abstract: A character data entry method using a set of key groups where the keys are located densely is disclosed, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting one or no key in each key group touching some or no keys in each key group; (b) checking the selected character that is determined with the combination of the selected keys from each key group; (c) searching the desired character changing the selected keys by sliding the touching fingers; and (d) enter the desired character by getting one of the touching fingers off the keys.

Abstract: A character data entry method using a set of key groups where the keys are located densely is disclosed, comprising the steps of: (a) selecting one or no key in each key group touching some or no keys in each key group; (b) checking the selected character that is determined with the combination of the selected keys from each key group; (c) searching the desired character changing the selected keys by sliding the touching fingers; and (d) enter the desired character by getting one of the touching fingers off the keys.