Abstract: An IC tag module enables data communication with, and receipt of power from, an external unit through a wireless port and enables the same with an electronic device in which the IC tag module is incorporated through a wired port, which includes a wired communication port and a wired power supply port. The IC tag module further includes a power supply circuit unit for combining power supplied from both the wireless port and the wired power supply port and for supplying the combined power supply to the IC tag module. A data storage circuit unit of the IC tag module stores data received through the communication ports, and a control circuit controls the operation of the module. The power supply circuit detects whether power is supplied first through the wireless port or the wired power supply port.

Abstract: A scanning device and method includes a movable stage on which a specimen is positioned, an irradiating device for electron beam irradiation of the specimen, a detection device for generating a picture of the irradiation region by detecting a secondary beam including secondary or reflected electrons from the irradiation region, and imaging electron optical system for imaging the secondary beam on a detection surface. A secondary beam detector including a fluorescent unit arranged on the detection surface to convert the secondary beam into light, one-dimensional line sensors for forming electric charge by photoelectric conversion, an array imaging element for accumulating the electric charge in a predetermined line of the line sensors, and a two-dimensional imaging element which emits electric charge by means of photoelectric conversion. A corresponding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: To form a thick coat by an in-liquid pulsed electric discharge treatment, the electrode contains 40 volume % or more metallic material that is not carbonized or is hard to be carbonized.

Abstract: An electric discharge machine for machining a workpiece (2a) made of insulating material or other materials comprises: a first comparison member (17) for comparing voltage (V) between the electrodes of the electrode (1) and the workpiece (2a) with the first reference voltage (V1) which is set at a value close to electric power source voltage (V0) not higher than electric power source voltage (V0); a second comparison member (18) for comparing voltage (V) between the electrodes with the second reference voltage (V2) which is set at a value lower than the first reference voltage (V1); and a control member (19) for setting a short electric discharge pulse width (TP1) in the case where voltage (V) between the electrodes is lower than the second reference voltage (V2) according to the result of comparison conducted by the second comparison member (18) at a point of time when a predetermined period of time (T0) has passed from the time when voltage (V) between the electrodes becomes lower than the first reference v

Abstract: In an electrode for electric discharge surface treatment used in electric discharge surface treatment for forming a hard coating on the surface of a treated material through the energy by generating electric discharge between the electrode and the treated material, a TiC powder (11) which is metal carbide and a TiH2 powder (12) which is metal hydride are mixed and heating treatment is performed after compression molding and hydrogen in the TiH2 powder (12) is desorbed to make a Ti powder (13) and a practical electrode (10) for electric discharge surface treatment having moderate strength and crumbliness as well as safety is formed.

Abstract: Powder of a simple substance or a combination of a plurality of carbides of metals belonging to the IVa, Va and Via families in the Periodic Table is mixed with a ferrous-family metal powder or non-ferrous metal powder having the same composition as the treatment target (2) as a simple substance or a combination of a plurality of metals, and this is compressed and molded, and incompletely sintered to form an electrode (12) serving as a discharge processing electrode; and said device is provided with a switching unit which alters electrical conditions at the time when the base member of the treatment target (2) is directly subjected to a discharging surface treatment and the electrical conditions at the time when a coating film (13) that has been formed is subjected to a discharging surface treatment according to the characteristics of the treatment target material.

Abstract: A power supply unit for wire electrical discharge machining using an ac high-frequency power supply for applying an ac high-frequency voltage between a wire electrode (1a) and a workpiece (2) includes a high-frequency oscillation and amplification circuit (4) and a pulse power supply (5) which is an ac-high-frequency-voltage intermittently supplying unit for effecting the application of the ac high-frequency voltage between the electrode and the workpiece and a pause thereof. In wire electrical discharge machining using this power supply unit for wire electrical discharge machining, it is possible to suppress the vibration of the wire electrode (1a) due tog the electrostatic force acting between the wire electrode (1a) and the workpiece (2), making it possible to improve the straightness accuracy of a machined surface of the workpiece (2) and make surface roughness small.

Abstract: A workpiece and a wire electrode are positioned near each other with a gap therebetween. A high-frequency voltage applying unit applies a high-frequency voltage and a direct current voltage applying unit applies a direct current voltage, to the workpiece and the wire electrode.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machining apparatus for machining a workpiece (2) by supplying discharge energy to a gap between a wire electrode (1a) and the workpiece (2) by a working-electric-power source (16) having a dc power supply (17) and switches (19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d) for switching an output voltage of the dc power supply (17), and by relatively moving the wire electrode (1a) and the workpiece (2) by a positioning device that includes: a controller (20) which, during machining in a gas, controls the turning on and off of the switches (19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d) so that the voltage is set to reverse polarity whereby the polarity of the wire electrode (1a) is made positive and the polarity of the workpiece (2) is made negative.

Abstract: An electric discharge machine for machining a workpiece (2a) made of insulating material or other materials comprises: a first comparison member (17) for comparing voltage (V) between the electrodes of the electrode (1) and the workpiece (2a) with the first reference voltage (V1) which is set at a value close to electric power source voltage (V0) not higher than electric power source voltage (V0); a second comparison member (18) for comparing voltage (V) between the electrodes with the second reference voltage (V2) which is set at a value lower than the first reference voltage (V1); and a control member (19) for setting a short electric discharge pulse width (TP1) in the case where voltage (V) between the electrodes is lower than the second reference voltage (V2) according to the result of comparison conducted by the second comparison member (18) at a point of time when a predetermined period of time (T0) has passed from the time when voltage (V) between the electrodes becomes lower than the first reference v

Abstract: An apparatus has a green compact electrode including a material of a coating formed on a workpiece by a discharge, a power source for supplying a first voltage, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage between the workpiece and the electrode, and a pulse current generator for generating and outputting a pulse current from the first voltage, and for cutting off the output when a predetermined period of time has passed after the voltage is detected to be less than a detection voltage. The pulse current is supplied between the workpiece and the electrode, and the detection voltage is less than the first voltage by 5% to 20% of the first voltage.

Abstract: A pulsed discharge is generated between tip ends of a rotating member such as a blade and a discharge electrode including a hard material such as cBN in dielectric liquid or gas by a power supply for discharge to melt the discharge electrode, and a part of the discharge electrode is attached to the tip end of the rotating member to form an abrasive coating film including the hard materials such as cBN.

Abstract: A surface discharge processing apparatus generates an electric discharge between an electrode and a workpiece (1) thereby forming a surface reforming layer on the surface of the workpiece. The apparatus comprises a wire electrode (2) for surface discharge processing used as the surface discharge processing electrode, and a wire electrode feeder composed of a feed reel (3) for feeding this wire electrode (2) for surface discharge processing to the workpiece (1), and a takeup reel (4) in additional to the conventional components. The wire electrode (2) is composed of a core wire (2a) made of ductile material, and a surface discharge processing material (2b) made of a surface reforming material adhered to this core wire or a raw material for the surface reforming material.

Abstract: A plurality of fastening elements are arranged parallel to each other, each of the unit fastening elements having a filament section, an inserting head section equipped with a suitable engagement section at one end, and a socket section equipped with a hole for irreversibly passing the inserting head section located at the other end. The socket sections arranged on one connection bar, and the inserting head sections are arranged on another connection bar. The connection bars are closely arranged to each other so as to be oppositely disposed to each other with a predetermined length displaced to each other along a longitudinal direction of the bars. The filament section of each one of the unit fastening elements is formed in a curved configuration which is in fixed condition, so jamming is reduced when the operator couples the fastening element using a coupler gun.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element efficiently converts an input light beam into an output light beam having a specified cross-sectional shape. The diffractive optical element includes a plurality of partial optical elements. The plurality of partial optical elements convert the input light beam to respective partial light beams, each of which has a shape that does not correspond to the specified cross-sectional shape. The sum of the partial light beams matches the shape of the output light beam (i.e., having the specified cross-sectional shape).

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machining apparatus for machining a workpiece by supplying electric discharge energy to a gap between a wire electrode and the workpiece by machining-electric-power supplying section and by relatively moving the wire electrode and the workpiece by a positioning section has a fluid supplying section in which a working-fluid supplying section for supplying a working liquid to the gap, a mist supplying section for supplying a mist to the gap, a gas supplying section for supplying a gas to the gap, and a cooling-fluid supplying section for supplying the working liquid which is a cooling fluid for cooling the workpiece are combined and are formed integrally. It is possible to effect wire electrical discharge machining which is suitable for attainment of higher accuracy and higher quality.

Abstract: Charged-particle-beam (CPB) mapping projection-optical systems and adjustment methods for such systems are disclosed that can be performed quickly and accurately. In a typical system, an irradiation beam is emitted from a source, passes through an irradiation-optical system, and enters a Wien filter (“E×B”). Upon passing through the E×B, the irradiation beam passes through an objective-optical system and is incident on an object surface. Such impingement generates an observation beam that returns through the objective-optical system and the E×B in a different direction to a detector via an imaging-optical system. An adjustment-beam source emits an adjustment beam used for adjusting and aligning the position of, e.g., the object surface and/or the Wien's condition of the E×B. The adjustment beam can be off-axis relative to the objective-optical system. For such adjusting and aligning, fiducial marks (situated, e.g.

Abstract: New and improved scanning device and corresponding method that include and involve a movable stage on which a specimen is positioned, irradiation means which irradiates an electron beam onto an irradiation region of the specimen, secondary beam detection means used in generating a picture of the irradiation region by detecting a secondary beam which consists of at least one of secondary electrons or reflected electrons from the irradiation region of the electron beam, an imaging electron optical system which causes imaging of the secondary beam on a detection surface of the secondary beam detection means, and which is arranged between the specimen and the secondary beam detection means.

Abstract: A discharge electrode comprising a material having solid lubricant effect, such as molybdenum, is used to generate discharge in a pulse form between the discharge electrode and a workpiece, the surface of which is to be treated, in working liquid containing carbon components, such as water. Material consumed or melted from the discharge electrode, generated because of the electric discharge energy based on the pulse form discharge, gets adhered to and deposited onto a surface of the workpiece thereby forming a coat having lubricant effect on the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: WC powder (11) and W powder (12) are mixed and entered in a press mold and compressed and molded, thereby forming a discharge surface treatment electrode (10). Discharge is caused to occur between the discharge surface treatment electrode (10) and a workpiece (16) by a discharge surface treatment power unit (17), whereby a component of the discharge surface treatment electrode (10) melted by discharge heat is deposited on the workpiece (16). W, a component of the discharge surface treatment electrode (10), reacts with C, a component of work liquid (4), to produce WC and together with the WC which is a component of the discharge surface treatment electrode (10) a hard film (20) made of WC is formed on the workpiece (16). The hardness and strength of the hard film formed on the workpiece (16) by the discharge surface treatment can be enhanced.