Abstract: A novel polysiloxane having high transparency to radiations with a wavelength of 193 nm or less, particularly 157 nm or less, and exhibiting superior dry etching resistance and a radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising the polysiloxane exhibiting superior sensitivity, resolution, and the like are provided.

Abstract: A vibration isolation table includes a stationary housing having an opening on top thereof; a pressure-tight flexible member which closes the opening to form a first pressure chamber in the stationary housing; a primary movable base which is coupled to a central portion of the pressure-tight flexible member, the primary movable base having a bottomed hollow cylindrical member; an intermediate movable base having a swingable rod which is inserted into the bottomed hollow cylindrical member so that a bottom end of the swingable rod is supported thereby to allow the swingable rod to swing with respect to the bottomed hollow cylindrical member; and a vibration-free base on which an object to be isolated from vibration is mounted, a second pressure chamber being formed between the intermediate movable base and the vibration-free base, the second pressure chamber being capable of expanding and contracting vertically.

Abstract: A vibration isolation table includes a stationary housing having an opening on a top surface thereof; a primary movable base which is supported by the stationary housing, and includes a bottomed hollow cylindrical portion which extends downwards into the stationary housing, and a flange portion which projects radially outwards from an upper end of the bottomed hollow cylindrical portion; a pressure chamber formed between the flange portion and the top surface of the stationary housing; and a vibration-free movable base on which an object to be isolated from vibration is mounted, the vibration-free movable base having a swingable rod which is inserted into the bottomed hollow cylindrical portion so that a bottom end of the swingable rod is supported by a base of the bottomed hollow cylindrical portion in a manner to allow the swingable rod to swing with respect to the bottomed hollow cylindrical portion.

Abstract: A visual function test apparatus for testing a visual function by presenting an optotype to an examinee's eye is disclosed. This apparatus includes a first half mirror disposed on a projection optical axis of light of the optotype; an illumination light source having a projection optical axis which is made substantially coaxial with the projection optical axis of the optotype light by the first half mirror; a concave mirror which reflects an illumination light from the illumination light source and the optotype light; a second half mirror disposed between the first half mirror and the concave mirror, the second half mirror reflecting the optotype light and the illumination light both reflected by the concave mirror toward the examinee's eye; and a control section which changes a ratio between a light quantity of the optotype light and a light quantity of the illumination light in accordance with a predetermined contrast ratio.

Abstract: A novel polysiloxane having the following structural units (I) and/or (II) and the structural unit (III), 1

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising (A) an acid-dissociable group-containing polysiloxane and (B) a photoacid generator containing trifluoromethane sulfonic acid or a compound which generates an acid of the following formula (I), 1

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for a subjective examination of a visual function of an examinee's eye includes a pair of right-and-left lens chamber units (2), each having test windows (4, 4′); and rotary disks (11-17) disposed in each unit, each disk holding therein optical elements (110-170, 180a, 180b, 181), one of the optical elements in each disk being placed between the test windows; wherein the optical elements include optical elements of 29 mm to 39 mm in effective diameter.

Abstract: A pattern forming method comprising forming a coating of a radiation-sensitive resin composition, which contains an acid-dissociable group-containing polysiloxane, alkali-insoluble or scarcely alkali-soluble but becoming alkali-soluble when the acid-dissociable group dissociates, on a film containing a polymer with a carbon content of 80 wt % or more and a polystyrene-reduced weight average molecular weight of 500-100,000, an applying radiation to the coating is provided. The method can form minute patterns with a high aspect ratio by suitably selecting a specific etching gas in the dry etching process, without being affected by standing waves.

Abstract: A novel polysiloxane having the following structural units (I) and/or (II) and the structural unit (III), wherein A1 and A2 are an acid-dissociable monovalent organic group, R1 is hydrogen, monovalent (halogenated) hydrocarbon, halogen, or amino, R2 is monovalent (halogenated) hydrocarbon group, or halogen. A method of preparing such a polysiloxane, a silicon-containing alicyclic compound providing this polysiloxane, and a radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising this polysiloxane are also provided. The polysiloxane is useful as a resin component for a resist material, effectively senses radiation with a short wavelength, exhibits high transparency to radiation and superior dry etching properties, and excels in basic resist properties required for resist materials such as high sensitivity, resolution, developability, etc.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring insulation resistance capable of removing the influences of piezoelectric noise which is occurring due to mechanical vibrations applied to an electronic component to measure the insulation resistance of the electronic component with high accuracy. In order to do so, a predetermined measured voltage is applied to the electronic component arranged in a position subjected to periodic mechanical vibrations from the outside to measure a current flowing through the electronic component. Then, the value of the measured current flowing through the electronic component is integrated over the period of the mechanical vibrations or over a time which is an integral multiple thereof. With this arrangement, a piezoelectric noise current can be cancelled and only a leakage current to be primarily measured can be extracted. Thus, by calculating the value of the insulation resistance from the value of the current, the insulation resistance can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: A visual acuity examination apparatus for examining a visual acuity of an examinee by presenting an optotype to the examinee includes an optotype presenting unit which selectively presents at least one of a plurality of comparison optotypes expressed in geometrical series, the optotypes being provided to be plural in number for each visual acuity value, an input unit with which a distinction answer of the examinee with respect to the presented optotype is input, a storage unit in which an examination program which sequentially determines an optotype to be next presented based on whether the distinction answer with respect to the presented optotype is right or wrong is stored, a control unit which controls the optotype presenting unit in accordance with the examination program, and a processing unit which determines a visual acuity value of the examinee from a percentage of right answers in the distinction answers with respect to an optotype for a visual acuity value.

Abstract: A visual acuity testing apparatus comprises a casing having at least one test window which an examinee looks into, and at least one optotype presented inside the casing which is disposed in such a position that its optotype plane is tilted relative to a datum plane orthogonal to an axial line connecting the test window to an optotype presentation position in order to prevent that light entered through the test window and reflected from the optotype plane, passes through he test window again.

Abstract: A visual function test apparatus for testing a visual function by presenting an optotype to an examinee's eye is disclosed. This apparatus includes a first half mirror disposed on a projection optical axis of light of the optotype; an illumination light source having a projection optical axis which is made substantially coaxial with the projection optical axis of the optotype light by the first half mirror; a concave mirror which reflects an illumination light from the illumination light source and the optotype light; a second half mirror disposed between the first half mirror and the concave mirror, the second half mirror reflecting the optotype light and the illumination light both reflected by the concave mirror toward the examinee's eye; and a control section which changes a ratio between a light quantity of the optotype light and a light quantity of the illumination light in accordance with a predetermined contrast ratio.

Abstract: A visual acuity examination apparatus for examining a visual acuity of an examinee by presenting an optotype to the examinee includes an optotype presenting unit which selectively presents at least one of a plurality of comparison optotypes expressed in geometrical series, the optotypes being provided to be plural in number for each visual acuity value, an input unit with which a distinction answer of the examinee with respect to the presented optotype is input, a storage unit in which an examination program which sequentially determines an optotype to be next presented based on whether the distinction answer with respect to the presented optotype is right or wrong is stored, a control unit which controls the optotype presenting unit in accordance with the examination program, and a processing unit which determines a visual acuity value of the examinee from a percentage of right answers in the distinction answers with respect to an optotype for a visual acuity value.

Abstract: A novel polysiloxane having the following structural units (I) and/or (II) and the structural unit (III), 1

Abstract: A method for measuring insulation resistance capable of removing the influences of piezoelectric noise which is occurring due to mechanical vibrations applied to an electronic component to measure the insulation resistance of the electronic component with high accuracy. In order to do so, a predetermined measured voltage is applied to the electronic component arranged in a position subjected to periodic mechanical vibrations from the outside to measure a current flowing through the electronic component. Then, the value of the measured current flowing through the electronic component is integrated over the period of the mechanical vibrations or over a time which is an integral multiple thereof. With this arrangement, a piezoelectric noise current can be cancelled and only a leakage current to be primarily measured can be extracted. Thus, by calculating the value of the insulation resistance from the value of the current, the insulation resistance can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: In a device for spectacles for measuring eye points of a subject, an index is presented to the subject, a positional relationship between an eye of the subject and the index is varied, and the eye points of the subject is measured based on information about the positional relationship between the subject's eye and the index.

Abstract: An optometric chart presenting apparatus which has a casing provided with a pair of test windows for right eye and for left eye for presenting an optotype optically placed at a predetermined distance to an eye to be examined through at least one of the test windows within the casing, the apparatus comprising a rotating optometric chart disk having a set of optotypes for right eye and a set of optotypes for left eye on one surface thereof, a restricting device disposed on a side of the eye relative to the optotypes for restricting a visual field of the eye, and a driving device for activating rotation of the rotating optometric chart disk in order to move an intended optotype into the visual field.

Abstract: In a developing apparatus of the present invention, a voltage applying circuit applies a developing bias voltage obtained by superimposing a DC component on an AC component to the developer carrying member. A bias voltage controller controls the voltage of the DC component based on at least one of a voltage range between the highest and lowest voltages of a waveform of the developing bias voltage and the ratio of time during which the waveform has a value higher or lower than a reference voltage to one period of the AC component. The reference voltage is set so that an area occupied by a portion of the waveform of the developing bias voltage in which the developing bias voltage has a value higher than the reference voltage is equal to an area occupied by a portion of the waveform in which the developing bias voltage has a value lower than the reference voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optometric apparatus which is capable of easily confirming the appearance of a target for near use in a state of correction for far use.