Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the conductive substrate, having a volume resistivity of 5.0×107 [?m] or more and 5.0×109 [?m] or less, and having a thickness of 20 ?m or more and 40 ?m or less, a charge generation layer disposed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer, having a volume resistivity of 1.0×1013 [?m] or more and 5.0×1014 [?m] or less, and having a thickness of 15 ?m or more and 40 ?m or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, the electrophotographic photoreceptor having an outermost surface layer that contains a binder resin, a charge-transporting material, and a fluorine-containing resin particle, the fluorine-containing resin particle containing 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 106 carbon atoms, a charging device that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor that is charged, a developing device that houses a developer containing a toner and that develops, with the developer, the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor into a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image onto a transfer-receiving medium, and an optical discharging device that, after the toner image i

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a voltage application unit configured to cause discharge from an electroconductive member to the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charge transfer amount detection unit configured to detect a charge transfer amount per unit time resulting from the discharge from the electroconductive member to the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a charging potential control unit, wherein V1 and V2 defined by specific procedures for the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfy a relationship represented by the following expression (E-4): 100V1<V2?V1 (E-4), and wherein the charging potential control unit is configured to control the charging potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member at the time of image formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate treating apparatus provided with a treating block. The treating block includes a wet transportation region adjoining a batch treatment region and a single-wafer transportation region. The wet transportation region contains a second posture turning mechanism provided on an extension line of a line of six batch process tanks and configured to turn a posture of substrates, on which immersion treatment is performed, from vertical to horizontal, a belt conveyor mechanism configured to receive the substrates in a horizontal posture one by one from the second posture turning mechanism and transport the substrates to the single-wafer transportation region, and a liquid supplying unit configured to supply a liquid to wet the substrates, transported by the belt conveyor mechanism, with the liquid.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element that has a power generation layer containing an iron-aluminum based magnetic alloy material containing equal to or more than 70 weight percent of iron and aluminum in total. The power generation layer generates an electromotive force, due to an anomalous Nernst effect that develops in the magnetic alloy material in response to a temperature gradient applied thereto, in a direction intersecting both the magnetization direction of the magnetic alloy material and the direction of the applied temperature gradient.

Abstract: A sheet separation device to open a two-ply sheet includes a rotator; a nipping member disposed opposite the rotator and configured to nip the two-ply sheet with the rotator; a conveyor configured to convey the two-ply sheet between the rotator and the nipping member, and a winding member disposed adjacent to the rotator. The conveyor conveys the two-ply sheet with a bonded portion of the two-ply sheet being an upstream end or a downstream end of the two-ply sheet in a conveyance direction of the two-ply sheet. The winding member winds the two-ply sheet around the rotator, to create a difference in winding circumferential length between the two sheets and separate the two sheets.

Abstract: A kneading method for kneading a mixture by repetitively forming a compressed space that is formed by an expanding-contracting body of a segment in an open state and an expanding-contracting body of a segment in a closed state adjacent to the segment in the open state and filled with the mixture in a compressed state pressed by the expanding-contracting body, by changing a combination of an operation state of each of the plurality of segments.

Abstract: A sheet separation device to open a two-ply sheet includes a rotator; a nipping member disposed opposite the rotator and configured to nip the two-ply sheet with the rotator; a conveyor configured to convey the two-ply sheet between the rotator and the nipping member, and a winding member disposed adjacent to the rotator. The conveyor conveys the two-ply sheet with a bonded portion of the two-ply sheet being an upstream end or a downstream end of the two-ply sheet in a conveyance direction of the two-ply sheet. The winding member winds the two-ply sheet around the rotator, to create a difference in winding circumferential length between the two sheets and separate the two sheets.

Abstract: A motor control device includes a resin cover, a control board on which at least a computer is mounted, a power board on which at least an inverter circuit and electrolytic capacitors are mounted, and a heat sink that radiates heat generated by the control board and heat generated by the power board, and controls a motor. The motor control device is electrically connected to the motor, and the resin cover, the control board, the power board, and the heat sink are disposed in order of the power board, the heat sink, the control board, and the resin cover in an axial direction of the motor from a motor side of the motor control device.

Abstract: A motor control device includes a resin cover, a control board on which at least a computer is mounted, a power board on which at least an inverter circuit and electrolytic capacitors are mounted, and a heat sink that radiates heat generated by the control board and heat generated by the power board, and controls a motor. The motor control device is electrically connected to the motor, and the resin cover, the control board, the power board, and the heat sink are disposed in order of the power board, the heat sink, the control board, and the resin cover in an axial direction of the motor from a motor side of the motor control device.

Abstract: An actuatable knee bolster provided in an instrument panel of a vehicle to protect lower legs of an occupant seated in a front seat of the vehicle. The actuatable knee bolster includes: an opposing section opposed to the lower legs of the occupant; a driving section driving the opposing section to move toward and away from the occupant; and a shock absorbing section configured to be plastically deformed when making contact with the lower legs of the occupant. In the actuatable knee bolster, the driving section is disposed inside the shock absorbing section.

Abstract: An actuatable knee bolster provided in an instrument panel of a vehicle to protect lower legs of an occupant seated in a front seat of the vehicle. The actuatable knee bolster includes: an opposing section opposed to the lower legs of the occupant; a driving section driving the opposing section to move toward and away from the occupant; and a shock absorbing section configured to be plastically deformed when making contact with the lower legs of the occupant. In the actuatable knee bolster, the driving section is disposed inside the shock absorbing section.

Abstract: A throttle body assembly for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to an intake port of an internal combustion engine, integrally incorporating a fuel injection valve, a fuel pump, a fuel supply passage defined in the throttle body and extending from the fuel pump to the fuel injection valve, and a fuel pressure control valve directly incorporated in the throttle body to control pressure of fuel in the fuel supply passage. Thus, there is no need to use an external tubing system for supplying and returning fuel to and from the fuel injection valve, and the throttle body assemby may be simplified in structure so as to facilitate the assembling and servicing of the throttle body assembly. Further, an electronic control unit and sensors associated with the control unit are both directly mounted on the throttle body so that wiring around the throttle body may be eliminated.