Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. In a first operation mode, a first modulated signal is input to a plurality of inverter circuits provided in a first amplifier circuit, and a second modulated signal is input to a plurality of inverter circuits provided in a second amplifier circuit. In a second operation mode, a test signal generation circuit modulates a test signal to generate a third modulated signal and a fourth modulated signal. The third modulated signal is input to some of the plurality of inverter circuits provided in the first amplifier circuit, and outputs of other inverter circuits have high impedances. The fourth modulated signal is input to some of the plurality of inverter circuits provided in the second amplifier circuit, and outputs of other inverter circuits have high impedances. A peak frequency detection circuit detects a frequency range including a frequency of the test signal at which an impedance of a sound reproduction device peaks.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging roller and a cleaning roller that includes a core and a foamed elastic layer disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the core and that rotates in contact with a surface of the charging roller. The number of ends of a cell skeleton that protrude from a surface of the foamed elastic layer is 25 ends/mm2 or more and 50 ends/mm2 or less. The cleaning roller is disposed in contact with the charging roller such that the compression ratio of the foamed elastic layer is 30% or less. The compression ratio is represented by Equation (1): compression ratio (%)=(r1/2+r2/2?d)/t1×100??Equation (1): where r1 is the outer diameter (mm) of the cleaning roller, r2 is the outer diameter (mm) of the charging roller, d is the interaxial distance (mm) between the charging roller and the cleaning roller, and t1 is the thickness (mm) of the foamed elastic layer of the cleaning roller.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that charges an image holding member according to a contact charging method, and includes a conductive substrate and a surface layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a clean member that cleans the charging member while contacting the charging member, and includes a shaft and a foamed elastic layer provided on the shaft, wherein a ratio of a distance between irregularities in an axial direction of the surface layer in the charging member (Sm) to a width of a nodal section of a foam cell wall surface protruding from a surface of the foamed elastic layer in the clean member (W) satisfies 2.4?Sm/W?5.9.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that charges an image holding member according to a contact charging method, and includes a conductive substrate and a surface layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a clean member that cleans the charging member while contacting the charging member, and includes a shaft and a foamed elastic layer provided on the shaft, wherein a ratio of a distance between irregularities in an axial direction of the surface layer in the charging member (Sm) to a width of a nodal section of a foam cell wall surface protruding from a surface of the foamed elastic layer in the clean member (W) satisfies 2.4?Sm/W?5.9.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member that includes a conductive elastic layer and a conductive surface layer disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the conductive elastic layer and a cleaning member that includes a support and a foamed elastic layer disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the support and having a higher surface free energy than the conductive surface layer of the charging member and that rotates in contact with the conductive surface layer of the charging member.

Abstract: A cleaning member includes a shaft, and a foamed elastic layer that is disposed on an outer surface of the shaft and in which a relationship between a stress Pw generated by 70% compression deformation and a stress Ps generated by 10% compression deformation satisfies Pw/Ps?6.

Abstract: A cleaning body includes a shaft and an elastic layer disposed by being spirally wound around an outer circumferential surface of the shaft from one end to the other end of the shaft, wherein a relationship between line roughness of a protruding portion formed at an end portion of the elastic layer in a width direction (RaE) and line roughness of a center portion of the elastic layer in the width direction (RaV) satisfies 5?RaE/RaV.

Abstract: A cleaning member includes a shaft, and a foamed elastic layer that is disposed on an outer surface of the shaft and in which a relationship between a stress Pw generated by 70% compression deformation and a stress Ps generated by 10% compression deformation satisfies Pw/Ps?6.

Abstract: A transport member includes: a shaft portion having a linear portion that is linearly disposed along a linear section of a transport path, and a curved portion that is curvedly disposed along a curved section of the transport path; and screw blades that are spirally formed on an outer circumferential surface of the linear portion and the curved portion, and that transport a powder material by rotation of the shaft portion in one of axial directions of the shaft portion, the screw blades having a small-diameter portion which has an outer diameter smaller in the curved portion than in the linear portion.

Abstract: A transport member includes: a shaft portion having a linear portion that is linearly disposed along a linear section of a transport path, and a curved portion that is curvedly disposed along a curved section of the transport path; and screw blades that are spirally formed on an outer circumferential surface of the linear portion and the curved portion, and that transport a powder material by rotation of the shaft portion in one of axial directions of the shaft portion, the screw blades having a small-diameter portion which has an outer diameter smaller in the curved portion than in the linear portion.

Abstract: A display device capable of suppressing rapid degradation of a lifespan. The display device (1) includes a light emitting region 2 and a non-light emitting region 3 formed above a substrate (11). The display device (1) includes: a first electrode (13) provided above the substrate (11); a second insulating film (14) that includes an opening (14a) exposing the first electrode (13) of the light emitting region (2) and is formed in the non-light emitting region (3) above the substrate (11); an organic EL layer (15) provided above the first electrode (13) via the opening (14a); and a second electrode (16) provided above the second insulating film (14) and the organic EL layer (15). A plurality of holes (16a) dotted throughout the non-light emitting region (3) are formed in the second electrode (16).

Abstract: A charging member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a conductive surface layer that is disposed on the conductive elastic layer, is in contact with an image holding member, and contains a resin, porous resin particles, and silicone oil, wherein a content of the porous resin particles is from 3 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin, and a content of the silicone oil is from 0.1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.

Abstract: A charging member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a conductive surface layer that is disposed on the conductive elastic layer, is in contact with an image holding member, and contains a resin, porous resin particles, and silicone oil, wherein a content of the porous resin particles is from 3 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin, and a content of the silicone oil is from 0.1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive support and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 20% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 30% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive support and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 20% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 30% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core and an elastic layer helically put on an outer peripheral surface of the core and including a first elastic layer and a second elastic layer, the first elastic layer being an outermost layer and the second elastic layer being located closer to the core than the first elastic layer and having a compression set smaller than that of the first elastic layer.

Abstract: A cleaning unit includes a shaft that is rotatable; an elastic layer that is spirally wound around and fixed to the shaft, the elastic layer contacting and cleaning an object to be cleaned; a pressed portion that protrudes from each end portion of the elastic layer in an axial direction of the shaft, in a part of the each end portion with respect to a width direction of the elastic layer; and a pressing member that is arranged at an end portion of the shaft in the axial direction, the pressing member pressing the pressed portion between the pressing member and the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning member for an image forming apparatus, including: a shaft body; and an elastic material that is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body in a spiral shape, the elastic material satisfying the following expressions. (A1): 1<Tb/Ta<1.75. (A2): 0.5<Ta<4.0. In expressions (A1) and (A2), Ta represents a thickness of a center portion in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters, and Tb represents a thickness of both end portions in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters.