Abstract: Provided is a negative electrode active material for secondary batteries that is capable of inhibiting negative electrode swelling and the decline of the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of a battery. A negative electrode active material for secondary batteries according to the present disclosure is characterized by including a Si-based material, activated carbon, and a conductive material, and in that the Si-based material and the conductive material are carried in pores of the activated carbon.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller controls the nonvolatile memory, writes data to a random access memory in a host, and reads data from the random access memory. The random access memory includes regions in first units to which the controller is accessible. The controller uses encryption keys associated with the regions, respectively, for encrypting data to be written into each of the regions and decrypting data read from each of the regions.

Abstract: A storage device includes a memory, a write circuit, a read circuit, and a debug information register. The memory includes a data area and a redundant area that corresponds to the data area. The write circuit writes first data specified in a write command to the data area, and first information about a transmission source which has transmitted the write command, to the redundant area. The read circuit reads the first data as second data from the data area, and reads the first information as second information from the redundant area, in response to a read command. The debug information register stores the second information read by the read circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a single-stranded RNA, the method comprising: (I) a step of reacting a first single-stranded RNA having a phosphate group at the 5?-terminal and a second single-stranded RNA having a hydroxy group at the 3?-terminal with an RNA ligase classified into EC 6.5.1.3 determined by International Union of Biochemistry as an Enzyme Commission number and having a nick repair activity in a double-strand to link said first single-stranded RNA to said second single-stranded RNA; and (II) a step of purifying the reaction product comprising the single-stranded RNA produced in the step (I) by reverse-phase column chromatography using a mobile phase comprising at least one ammonium salt(s) selected from the group consisting of monoalkylammonium salts and dialkylammonium salts.

Abstract: A storage device includes a memory, a write circuit, a read circuit, and a debug information register. The memory includes a data area and a redundant area that corresponds to the data area. The write circuit writes first data specified in a write command to the data area, and first information about a transmission source which has transmitted the write command, to the redundant area. The read circuit reads the first data as second data from the data area, and reads the first information as second information from the redundant area, in response to a read command. The debug information register stores the second information read by the read circuit.

Abstract: A method for producing a single-strand RNA includes a step of causing an RNA ligase which is classified as EC 6.5.1.3 defined by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology as an enzyme number and has a nick repair activity to act on a first single-strand RNA and a second single-strand RNA, which have a phosphate group at the 5? end, and a third single-strand RNA having a hydroxyl group at the 5? end to link the first single-strand RNA, the second single-strand RNA, and the third single-strand RNA.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller controls the nonvolatile memory, writes data to a random access memory in a host, and reads data from the random access memory. The random access memory includes regions in first units to which the controller is accessible. The controller uses encryption keys associated with the regions, respectively, for encrypting data to be written into each of the regions and decrypting data read from each of the regions.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a single-stranded RNA includes a step of causing an RNA ligase to act on a first single-stranded RNA having a phosphate group at the 5? end and a second single-stranded RNA having a hydroxyl group at the 3? end to link the first single-stranded RNA and the second single-stranded RNA. The first single-stranded RNA is a single-stranded RNA consisting of an X1 region and a Z region in order from the 5? end; the second single-stranded RNA is a single strand consisting of an X2 region, a Y2 region, a Ly linker region, and a Y1 region in order from the 5? end; the X1 region and the X2 region have nucleotide sequences which are complementary to each other, have a length of at least two nucleotides, and have the same number of nucleotides; and the Y1 region and the Y2 region have nucleotide sequences which are complementary to each other, have a length of at least two nucleotides, and have the same number of nucleotides.

Abstract: A flexible substrate according to the present invention comprises a first resin layer, a first wiring layer that is arranged on the first resin layer, a second resin layer that is arranged on the first resin layer so as to cover the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer that is arranged on the second resin layer, wherein the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer are connected to each other with a filled via, and the first wiring layer and the second resin layer are in direct contact with each other. By virtue of this feature, the reliability of a flexible substrate will be improved with a relatively simple configuration.

Abstract: A memory controller includes a first error detection code generator for generating a first error detection code for data received from a host, a controller to write the data and the first error detection code to nonvolatile memory and to read the data and the first error detection code from the nonvolatile memory, an error detector to perform an error detection based on the data and the first error detection code that are read from the nonvolatile memory, a second error detection code generator to generate a second detection error code based on the data read from the nonvolatile memory, and a mismatch code generator to generate a mismatch code signaling the presence of an error in the data, wherein either the second error detection code or the mismatch code is selected based on the error detection and sent to the host.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a controller switches modes including a normal operating mode in which power resources of a volatile memory, a data storage unit, and a power control unit are all ON, a first mode in which the power resource of the volatile memory is OFF, and the power resources of the data storage unit and the power control unit are both ON, and a second mode in which the power resources of the volatile memory and the data storage unit are both OFF, and the power resource of the power control unit is ON. Upon receiving a low power consumption instruction command from a host, the controller stores management information to return to the normal operating mode into the volatile storage unit, and shifts the state of the memory system from the normal operating mode to the first mode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a memory system including a first storage medium group, a second storage medium group, and a controller. The controller is configured to multiply write the same data to the first storage medium group and the second storage medium group. And the controller is configured to transmit data read out from a storage medium group selected from the first storage medium group and the second storage medium group to a host according to a progress status of a readout process for the first storage medium group and the second storage medium group when receiving a readout command of stored data in the first storage medium group and the second storage medium group from the host.

Abstract: A memory controller includes a first error detection code generator for generating a first error detection code for data received from a host, a controller to write the data and the first error detection code to nonvolatile memory and to read the data and the first error detection code from the nonvolatile memory, an error detector to perform an error detection based on the data and the first error detection code that are read from the nonvolatile memory, a second error detection code generator to generate a second detection error code based on the data read from the nonvolatile memory, and a mismatch code generator to generate a mismatch code signaling the presence of an error in the data, wherein either the second error detection code or the mismatch code is selected based on the error detection and sent to the host.

Abstract: An NC machining system includes a chuck that clamps a workpiece; a first rotation axis, located opposite the chuck, that rotates as a main axis; a second rotation axis that rotates about its center on the first axis; a numerical control apparatus that outputs, according to on pre-programmed machining instructions, rotation commands for the first and the second rotation axes; and a tool, fixed on the second rotation axis, that moves along a circumference of the workpiece by a rotation of the first rotation axis, and whose machining radius is determined by a rotation of the second rotation axis.

Abstract: Provided is a process which permits, upon preparation of chlorine and a caustic alkali by electrolyzing an aqueous alkali chloride solution in an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode, decrease of an excess ratio of an oxygen containing gas to be fed newly to the gas diffusion cathode and facilitates temperature control of the electrolytic cell. A process for electrolyzing an alkali chloride comprising: introducing saline water into an anode chamber of an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode; and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a gas chamber of a gas diffusion cathode, to thereby obtain chlorine in the anode chamber and an aqueous caustic alkali solution in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating an alkali chloride electrolytic cell, comprising: providing an alkali chloride electrolytic cell comprising a gas diffusion cathode and a cation-exchange membrane, the gas diffusion cathode and cation-exchange membrane defining a caustic chamber; allowing a caustic alkali aqueous solution to flow in the caustic chamber at a linear velocity of at least 1 cm/sec.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell using an oxygen cathode, for use in an ion-exchange membrane electrolytic soda process or the like, the electrolytic cell having; a structure, wherein, for effective supply and discharge of a caustic liquid and for an effective handling of a caustic liquid leakage, provided on an outer-side edge of the electrolytic cell are an upper chamber as a caustic liquid discharge outlet, a lower chamber as a caustic liquid introduction inlet, and a caustic-liquid room frame connected via a caustic liquid passage to thereby reduce a caustic liquid leakage; a structure, wherein a lower gas chamber is provided at the lower outer end of a cathode element to thereby handle a caustic liquid leakage from a gas diffusion electrode to a gas room; or a structure which uses a gas-liquid permeating gas diffusion electrode to supply an oxygen gas from an upper chamber communicating with a gas room and discharge a gas and a caustic liquid into a lower chamber.

Abstract: An electricity leading method for a gas diffusion electrode is provided, by which a gas diffusion electrode is easily fixed to a cathode current collecting frame, the contact part has reduced electrical resistance, even an electrically insulating mesh sheet can be utilized as a gas chamber, and only the gas diffusion electrode can be replaced in renewal of the electrode. The method includes preparing a gas diffusion electrode by sandwiching a conductor made of a highly conductive metallic mesh or spongy processed material in catalyst layers or attaching a catalyst layer onto the conductor while leaving the conductor exposed in the outer periphery of the electrode, and electrically connecting the exposed part of the conductor to a cathode chamber current collecting frame.

Abstract: A sodium chloride electrolytic cell is provided, comprising a gas diffusion electrode that allows smooth supply and discharge of catholyte for electrolyzing sodium chloride and allows oxygen gas to come in good contact therewith. The sodium chloride electrolytic cell comprises an anode chamber having an anode into which an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and a cathode chamber having the foregoing gas diffusion electrode for producing an alkaline aqueous solution, the anode chamber and the cathode chamber being divided by an ion exchange membrane. The sodium chloride electrolytic cell is arranged to effect electrolysis in such a manner that there occurs no pressure differential between the catholyte chamber and the gas chamber in the gas diffusion electrode. Further, a nickel mesh substance is fitted in a concave portion having the same size as that of the gas diffusion electrode formed in the central portion of a thin nickel plate.

Abstract: An optical head for recording and reproducing information on an optical disk includes a box-like cover carrying thereon a semiconductor laser unit and a detector, and a substantially planar base on which various optical components are bonded, the base being made of the same material as the box-like cover and secured to the box-like cover to close an open end of the latter. By the use of the planar base, the optical components and the base can be bonded efficiently with utmost ease.