Abstract: This invention prevents measurement error from becoming large in thermoelectric conversion coefficient evaluation and enhances evaluation efficiency. This invention is a physical property evaluation device for evaluating the physical properties of a plurality of solid materials formed on a substrate. The physical property evaluation device comprises an electromotive force measurement means that forms closed circuits including the individual solid materials and measures the electromotive forces occurring at the two ends of each of the solid materials, a means for producing heat flow within the individual solid materials, an external magnetic field generation means for generating a uniform magnetic field having a given intensity and direction in the vicinity of the individual solid materials, and an automation means for evaluating the physical properties of the individual solid materials using the electromotive force measurement means, heat flow production means, and external magnetic field generation means.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element that has a power generation layer containing an iron-aluminum based magnetic alloy material containing equal to or more than 70 weight percent of iron and aluminum in total. The power generation layer generates an electromotive force, due to an anomalous Nernst effect that develops in the magnetic alloy material in response to a temperature gradient applied thereto, in a direction intersecting both the magnetization direction of the magnetic alloy material and the direction of the applied temperature gradient.

Abstract: A printed document tampering detection apparatus 120 for detecting tampering with a printed document having embedded in the background thereof at least part of the document contents as an electronic watermark comprises a reader unit 127 that reads the printed document and generates an image of the printed document, a watermark detection unit 125 that detects document contents from the electronic watermark embedded in the printed document and an output unit 123 that brings up a first display frame 310 for the printed document image and a second display frame 320 for the document contents in such a manner that a ready comparison thereof is enabled. The user is able to visually compare the contents of document information 105 and the printed document image 126 and retrieve the initial unadulterated information. Thus, the tampering does not result in any data loss.